06 Class THU SEP 22
Riddle
How do geese know which goose to follow?
Click here for the answer.
Housekeeping
- First Mandatory Conference Followup
- Zoom Recordings
- Brief “Review”
Homework Review
- Citation Mechanics
- Affiliated Punctuation
Lecture: Theory, Hypothesis, or Fact?
- Essay writing is like the scientific process, designed to test hypotheses with experiments, not prove preconceptions.
- Research is “the targeted search for evidence to test a hypothesis.”
- “Analyze Data and Draw Conclusions” (not “Prove Hypothesis”) is the payoff step.
- “Communicate Results” not “Defend your Original Thinking” is the final mandate and guideline for the Research Position Paper.
Resources for your “Stone Money” Task
By now you have listened to and reflected on the 1-hour NPR broadcast, “The Invention of Money” and come to class ready to contribute to the discussion. We’ll have that discussion this morning.
As much as we take it for granted (it’s the water we swim in), the world’s economy is a fiction as unreal and imaginary as anything Joss Whedon or Neil Gaiman every dreamed up, and the language it speaks, its money, its currencies, are gibberish—totally intangible except as coins and bills, but illusory—just social constructs with numbers attached to help us keep track of how much to tip the Uber driver.
Other resources that will prepare you for the Stone Money assignment are found on the blog at these links:
This post contains lecture material, demonstrations of the “Cows and Chips” technique in action, examples of advice I have given other student authors for enlivening their posts with livestock, and the details of a simple exercise.
This post is a graphic demonstration of an essay that fails in every way to capitalize on the power of illustration, anecdote, and the persuasive appeal of visual, auditory, and other sensory details.
Includes an Exercise to be completed whenever you access this resource.
Task: Stone Money
- Before class THU SEP 22
- MINIMUM: Listen to the one-hour podcast titled “The Invention of Money“
- DUE Before Class TUE SEP 27 (11:59PM MON SEP 26)
- A 1000-word essay will be due on Stone Money.
- Incorporate the lesson of Purposeful Summary
- Use sources provided by your Professor (and supplement with your own)
- Use Informal In-Text Citation and References (APA style)
Preview: The White Paper
- Start an empty post now
- Give it the name White Paper—Username
- Give it some Headings:
- —1. Working Hypothesis 1
- —1a. Working Hypothesis 2
- —2. Five Academic Sourcess
- —3. Topics for Smaller Papers (very preliminary)
- —4. Current State of My Research
Remember to categorize your post
- Put it in the White Paper category and, of course, the category for your own Username.
alwaystired247
AnonymousStudent
azntaco
beforeverge
BigBabyBaller
bitagaming
breakingbad1820
Caravan
cinderella1013
davidbdale
Yankeelover18
fatboy489zt
giantsfan224
glacierfreeze21
gobirds17
green0728
gymrat230
Gir
jerseymikes1106
jesusisking1738
jetsfan806
Kenneth Alex Krug
manipulator66
mercythyhealer14
McCormick Karner
mochaatrain
oni
powerranger
peanut2348
pinkcottoncandy4
princess01430
redbird1123
rubes1256
shxrkbait
sillyinternetperson
soulpond47240
spatel8267
stingingcrib5
tacotyphoon
thepersonindisguise
usmnt23
worldofjuice999
xephos1
Counterintuitive Fall 2022 
-Where you put the adjective in a sentence matters severely.
-Meetings: three are required for passing. You must schedule them yourself and the first is due by Feb 16th to discuss the hypothesis.
-MLA and APA are very similar. MLA is referred to as “work cited”, APA is referred to as “references”
-Never use in-text citations, incorporate it into sentences with the author’s name.
-Including link for website or source allows for quick access and assures legitimacy
-the word references is centered on the page for your “work cited” page
-use tags to identify material in homework assignment…follow example
– Theory vs Hypothesis vs Fact: can take many, many years to develop whether it is true or not. We may come to a general conclusion that something is a fact, but that is simply based on the limited knowledge that we have.
-The research that we conclude is used to either prove or disprove the hypothesis.
-Disproving your hypothesis is just as important as proving it. You give yourself the opportunity to fix, alter, and edit your hypothesis.
-Conclusions are what your data shows and then you go back and fix your hypothesis, pretending like that is what you thought all along.
-The only way to fail is if we have nothing to conclude because we do not find enough evidence.
These are all good, but this is my favorite, Coffee:
3/3
My Notes
Personal Note; Conferences before next wed Feb 16th. (Already signed up)
With In-text citations, you work the author into your paper, never use the () with the author and page number. Makes for a better flow throughout the paper, and (author,pg) is unnecessary to this class. Can include the website link, but have to work into paper, do not cite within, make it easy to read for the audience. Always double quote*.
Theory, Hypothesis, Fact; research to test a hypothesis, then have to analyze your data in relation to your hypothesis and draw conclusions from that data. Lastly, defend your thinking and your argument. These are a few of the steps to prove or disprove your hypothesis in your paper.
Nice notes, RH. I don’t remember saying, “Makes for a better flow throughout the paper,” but you’re right. Flow is a big advantage of the in-text citation technique.
3/3
– MLA and APA aren’t too dissimilar
– work your authors into your texts
– double quotes unless inside quotes
– italics are an alternative for quotes
– testing a hypothesis is just like testing an experiment
– our argument cannot be proved so much, but rather be persuasive
– communicating results is key to being the most persuasive
– you might end up changing your mind due to finding contradicting and persuasive sources
– your evidence should leave you feeling complete with your conclusions
– the frustration comes with articulation
See why they’re called “persuasive arguments”?
🙂
3/3
First mandatory conference for hypothesis needs to be scheduled up to FEB 16.
Agenda should be jotted down before the conference.
And results should follow.
In text citation assignment due Wednesday.
DO NOT use regular APA citations with the author’s name and page number.
Instead talk about the author in your own words.
Identify publication in our sentences.
Full URL should be listed in the reference page, but not in the actual essay.
Use double quotation marks, unless inside a quotation.
Publication goes in italics in our essays.
Article title’s go in quotation marks.
Calling out terms of a source can go in quotes or italics as well.
When doing the reference page the word “reference” should be centered on the page.
Research is “the targeted search for evidence to test a hypothesis.”
Communicate the results of a hypothesis.
Goal is to analyze data and draw conclusions.
First paper on Stone Money podcast due Sunday.
Very nice, Kaboom, but I’m gonna say, instead of “Communicate the results of a hypothesis,” how about “Communicate the results of the research” however they may reflect on your hypothesis?
3/3
Our discussion was more focused towards mechanics and building blocks of writing. Starting with APA format and using informal In-text citations. I previously used MLA in highschool, but last semester I learned and started using the APA format. MLA uses “work cited”, while APA uses “reference” to display sources. Using in-text citations you are using clues and making your information organized for the reader to find where you are obtaining information from. Something I had always mixed up was how to write sources. I have come to understand that articles are written in quotations and publications are written italicized. Another tip I learned was when defining a term within you writing an alternative for putting that term in quotation marks you can write it in italics. With in-text citations there are no parentheses for authors names or dates. Our conversation shifted gears into theories, hypotheses, and facts. Experiments are similar to writing an essay by both designed to test a hypothesis.
Yeah: Experiments are similar to writing an essay by both designed to test a hypothesis.
3/3
There is no such thing as a group of bi-partisan legislators. The adjective should be placed in a different spot for the statement to become true. Unfortunately, I was not able to figure out this riddle.
There will be three conferences that will be required to go over the hypothesis. Yes, you can meet more than three more times. The best way to make an appointment is by plugging your name into the chart and describing what your goal is before the meeting.
Parenthetical citations are not needed for this writing course. This is a no-no for your writing piece. If you do so they will be crossed off because these are not necessary.
When doing an In-text APA Citation you should start with the article that you are referencing. When you are including a phrase from the article you use double quotes more than likely than single quotes. When there is a publication you use italics and when you are trying to refer to an article you use quotations.
The way that an essay is written is similar to the scientific process because I go through steps that are similar to those that scientists do. To make a hypothesis you need to ask yourself a question about something that you are not familiar with and then do some background research to come up with an idea to create a hypothesis. A hypothesis is supposed to be something that can be disproved but it can also be correct. When looking at your results and you see that you don’t have enough sources you go back to the experiment part to find more sources to use. Use the data and research to explain your view although you are not specifically proving the hypothesis. The conclusion part is wrapping up your topic and seeing if your hypothesis was correct.
True, and well said, but you’re under no obligation to share your hypothesis with readers. If it proves true, it’s your Thesis and they’ll need to know. But if you proved something OTHER THAN your hypothesis, whatever you proved becomes your Thesis and your original Hypothesis is irrelevant.
3/3
Conferences
There will be 3 conferences throughout the semester.
Conferences can either be held in person or on zoom.
They must be scheduled by appointment.
Citing in Paper
Cite in APA format which has very slight differences in comparison to MLA format.
Do not have in-text citation at the end of a sentence. EX: (Twain 2018).
Identify articles in sentences.
Always use double quotes unless citing within another quote.
Essay writing
Test hypothesis with an experiment
Do not look to prove hypotheses instead analyze and draw conclusions from the research. By doing this you may develop a new point of view on a specific topic. (finding a puppy in a rabbit hole).
Communicate the results of your research rather than defending them.
Yeah. This says it perfectly:
3/3
-It is impossible to have a group of bi-partisan legislators because each legislator belongs to some kind of party, making it impossible for them to be bi-partisan. (Or that all politicians are evil.)
-Work the author’s name/publication into the paper.
-Links send readers directly to the source.
-Small edit button to edit previous works.
-All theories are a hypothesis, until they are proven correct.
-“Proving” is not the goal. The real purpose should be to draw conclusions.
-Your way of thinking should be subject to change. New evidence can change everything and you do not need to defend your original, now outdated way of thinking.
-No matter what you find as your solution, it can become your new hypothesis.
-Paper bags vs Plastic bags. Paper bags are renewable, and plastic bags are not. However it is very easy to make plastic bags sound like a much better alternative via the park bench. Perception is everything.
-Yap: Huge stone disc money cannot be stolen, and ownership changes hands through an agreement of exchange of goods. The stone isn’t moved at all. Only gets new owners.
Thanks for recording this. Sometimes I wonder if anyone heard my examples. 🙂
3/3
-In text APA citation if you want to cite the author, don’t ever say the author states or the author says. You have to cite it in your own words.
-If you are trying to cite the author, don’t write the page number that you found it on. They will just cross it out.
-For Publicans you use italics, it came from the original source.
-References are always centered on the page. It is not Bolded.
-You have to give the post a title and you have to put your username.
-Be on the lookout for feedback from the professor later today on the Purposeful summaries.
-Essay writing is like the scientific process; it is designed to test a hypothesis with experiments
-The research is targeted source of evidence to test a hypothesis
-Analyze data and you have to draw conclusions do not prove hypothesis is the payoff step.
-Communicate results and not defend your original thinking is the final mandate and guideline for the research position paper.
Generally fine notes, Bubba, but let me clarify something here. You say:
That’s not what I meant to communicate.
“Said language” is quite flexible, but every citation has to contain some. You can use it BOTH to paraphrase and to directly quote. Here are some correct examples (notice that “the author states” and “the author says” are among them).
1. Peterson says, “Paper is better than plastic.”
2. Peterson states that “paper is better than plastic.”
3. According to Peterson, “Paper is better than plastic.”
4. The assertion that “paper is better than plastic” comes from Peterson.
5. Peterson prefers paper to plastic as a greener alternative.
So, this is five correct ways to cite Peterson, some with really obvious “said language,” some more subtle. But every method identifies Peterson as the “author” of the opinion that paper is better than plastic. Does that help?
I’d really appreciate a response to that question.
3/3
Yes that is very helpful thank you professor
2/7/22 44Elk In-Class Notes:
Unfortunately, I got to class 10 minutes late because some grandma was going 35 in a 50 for 20 minutes of my commute. I walked in during the discussion of our conferences. Mr. Hodges let us know the details of conferences this semester and what each conference will be about.
Next, I booked an appointment for a conference with Mr. Hodges for 3 pm on Wednesday 2/9.
We next talked about In-text (APA) citations. They’re different from parenthetical citations. Mr. Hodges wants me to NEVER use those in this class! He instead wants me to work that into my actual sentences. This may be difficult to adjust to because it’s how I’ve been taught to write in my rigorous high school English courses. We went through an example to teach us the correct way to structure an in-text citation and efficiently deliver information to the reader.
Next, we talked about the homework assignment that is due before the next class that will allow us to practice in-text citations as we discussed in the CDC model.
We next went into a short lecture titled “Theory, Hypothesis, or Fact?”. These words are all similar, but they are very different at the same time and there are a few key qualities that set them apart. Research is “the targeted search for evidence to test a hypothesis.” It’s important as the final step of my research paper to draw a conclusion/analyze my data rather than “proving my hypothesis.” This is the same as communicating my results rather than defending my original thinking. Mr. Hodges used a really interesting example of plastic vs. paper and how to prove using research that plastic is “better” than paper.
Finally, we listened to a 4-minute podcast from NPR about money and an example of a tiny Pacific island (Yap) that uses giant stones as money or currency.
This is a really good summary, Elk, and thank you for being the second student today to record my paper vs. plastic example.
3/3
First mandatory conference
– Oh no.
–I don’t like writing papers and it is all approaching so fast
Citations:
-APA format
–references rather than bibliography
-No parentheses things (honestly, I’m glad. I always felt like parentheses felt redundant and took up needed space/word count)
-Identify the publication within the sentence
-Italics indicates publications
-quotations is for article titles
-Paraphrasing does not need quotations
Basically your paper should read well, be cited correctly and make grammatical sense
Example quote:
In a series of arguably academic notes, plutoshouldbeaplanet states “The changes made to the definition of planet has wrongly excluded and bullied everyone’s favorite ‘planet’…Pluto.”
-Now this is a bad citation because I never actually said that, however the point gets across. Sort of. I don’t know.
Theory, Hypothesis, or Fact
-Targeted search for evidence to prove a hypothesis
–analyzing data and drawing conclusions
-Think not to prove hypothesis, but to just research it
At this point I’m thinking about how to refine or maybe even totally change my hypothesis.
-My head is spinning with so many ideas, but not how to write about them and if it is even possible.
–I have a lot of work I have to do…
Anyways back to hypotheses thing:
Ask a question-Do background research- construct a hypothesis- test with experiment- does it work?-analyze data and conclusions- communicate results.
Stone money task:
1000 word paper due on sunday
Talking about how you don’t pay taxes on stocks until you sell it:
-I’m wondering how that works with Roth IRA’s because I know that if you take it out after I believe age 60 you don’t have to pay taxes on it. Why is that? Isn’t it just stocks and ETFs?
-Thinking about what is money, it reminds me of that person a few years ago who started with a paper clip, and traded their way up to a house. That is essentially showing that currency isn’t actually worth everything, but what the things you have are worth to others. If there is a mass group of people that value an object, and the supply is minimal, its value will be high.
–I don’t like writing papers and it is all approaching so fast
–references rather than bibliography
Basically your paper should read well, be cited correctly and make grammatical sense
Example quote:
In a series of arguably academic notes, plutoshouldbeaplanet states “The changes made to the definition of planet has wrongly excluded and bullied everyone’s favorite ‘planet’…Pluto.”
At this point I’m thinking about how to refine or maybe even totally change my hypothesis.
-My head is spinning with so many ideas, but not how to write about them and if it is even possible.
-I’m wondering how that works with Roth IRA’s
-a few years ago who started with a paper clip
3/3
Legislators can come to bi-partisan agreements, so why is there no such thing as a group of bi-partisan legislators? A legislator can’t be bi-partisan (belonging to both parties).
No parenthetical citations EVER!
Always use double-quotes unless quoting inside a quote.
Publications in italics
Use “References” instead of “Works Cited”
Paper vs. Plastic bags. Paper rots away and creates a carbon footprint overtime whereas plastic can sequester its carbon footprint for practically forever. So is it better? Should the oil have been drilled in the first place? We don’t know everything.
Maybe YOU don’t know everything! 🙂
3/3
– No need to write the author in parentheses and line/page numbers because most journals do not include this type of stuff. In previous writing courses this was always essential to include for quotes. Why teach it if it isn’t important later on? Several instances have occurred like this in which a teacher of mine claims something is very important later on and will help in future classes, but ends up being scrapped by teachers later on. It seems a little counterintuitive because learning is generally a process of building blocks, not breaking it apart and building it all over again.
– “” and italics can be used to highlight phrases in writing when you want to point it out. Center the reference page, and don’t bold it or change it. “Simple as that.”
– The paper vs. plastic debate is interesting because most people disapprove with the use of plastic bags because they feel that plastic bags are ruining the environment. However, they fail to realize that paper bags create a carbon footprint overtime which is also bad for the environment whereas plastic bags don’t have a carbon footprint. Recycling is a good solution regardless of whether you use paper or plastic bags, but eliminating them altogether would be the best solution. Groceries can be put directly into the car like how Costco does it.
– The concept of money is very abstract and unclear. Values change all the time due to several factors like inflation, political climate, etc. Money can go from extremely valuable to almost worthless. Even though gold follows the same ideas as money, it is more standard and universally accepted meaning that even if the currency of a certain country drops drastically, the value of gold will remain. But gold could also be worth nothing if people didn’t give it importance. It has been around for so long, however, that it has established itself basically.
If your timing is perfect, you can dabble in currencies and convert all your new wealth to gold just before the world’s currencies collapse. 🙂
In the case of citation, the explanation is pretty simple (not diabolical). Publications all have their preferred methods of citing sources. Academic journals like a formal citation technique with parenthetical notes including page numbers, for example. But newspapers, magazines, websites, all depend on a less formal in-text technique that makes for better paragraph flow. They also rely heavily on links in the text to connect readers directly with the original sources. It’s a service to your future self to be familiar with both styles, and perhaps more likely you’ll need the informal expertise than the formal. Plus, your first teacher didn’t know what she was talking about. 🙂
3/3
COMP II Notes – 2.7.22
Riddle: Bi-partisan legislators v.s legislators that are bi-partisan.
Helped better my understanding of the importance of adjectives and their placement.
Note: Do not put the author in parenthesis
Went over APA Citations
Always use double quotes ” ”
Helpful considering I don’t usually write in APA format
APA is not too different from MLA
Works Cited –> References
Still might need a refresher on citations from time to time
First Mandatory Conference by February 16th
Have signed up
Nervous, but it will be helpful to go over the hypothesis and discuss where to start for the project/essay.
Reminders:
Citation Homework
1000-word essay on Stone Money
I’m probably more nervous than you are about your Conference, Wanda. I really feel the need to deliver on my outlandish promise that I’m going to provide you clarity and brilliant insight in 15 minutes, better than any brainstorming you could ever have done on your own. Imagine having to live up to those expectations! What was I thinking? 🙂
3/3
We write to learn what we think, and we don’t realize we think that way until we have to explain it.
The deadline for the mandatory conference is February 17th.
APA is similar to MLA, they have slight differences.
When I identify the author, work it into the citation just do not put the parentheses and their information in my article multiple times. For example, we can use “Something.com says that. . .”
If you did not put your work into purposeful summaries category you need to do that so that the teacher can be able to find your work to comment
You changed the system on your site so that your students can understand it better in terms of due dates.
Essay writing is so that you can see our abilities to be able to help us with portfolio work
Every theory is a step toward a finality that we never reach
You developed your new thesis based off of your research.
We write to learn what we think, and we don’t realize we think that way until we have to explain it.
Every theory is a step toward a finality that we never reach.
3/3
Comp 2/7/2022
Make an appointment on the conference sheet to paraphrase hypotheses for more clarity with professor Hodges.
In-text citation:
APA format is used to list references to an essay. This can be done by using Ref works. The referenced title has to be in the center. Different from the phrase in the quotes and the page number. DO NOT DO IT. Work authors name into the citation. Example: Blank also says.
Examples of how to create a successful In-text citation:
In an article at the Center for Disease Control’s website called “ is a Publication
“Childhood Obesity Causes and Consequences,” is a Title (Use quotation marks)
According to is Said language
the CDC issues the warning that a primary cause of excess weight gain in children is “eating high-calorie, low-nutrient foods and beverages” Quotation
Most people hearing the term “sugary drinks” think of soda exclusively; however, the category is much broader. Always use double quotes unless you are quoting inside
The Journal of Public Health Dentistry has compiled a list of what it considers sugary drinks, adding sweetened teas to the category. Publication uses italics
But Jennifer Pomeranz in the Journal of Public Health Policy warns that sugary drinks are the largest source of added sugars in most children’s diets and also their main source of calorie intake. Author
But Jennifer Pomeranz in the Journal of Public Health Policy warns that sugary drinks are the largest source of added sugars in most children’s diet and also their main source of calorie intake. Said language
Theory, hypothesis, or fact:
We do not prove anything but it’s just a persuasive argument. In hypothesis, they can be wrong which proves that it’s wrong which is a successful disprove. We can develop a thesis that can be changed based on research made. Examples include electric or gas cars better for the environment? Depends on building the new car, carbon footprint, replacing cars, and manpower to create the cars. Another example we discussed was on plastic vs paper: We cut down trees to make paper bags, plastic can become a park bench. Paper can request carbon dioxide.
Nice notes, Cookie.
(Thanks for the avatar! 🙂 )
I added some formatting to the citation examples because I can and because they made the point for you. (You can do this too, with a little bit of basic html, if you’re interested.)
Thank you for noting the effectiveness of the electric car and plastic bench examples.
3/3
Publications should be italicized. Always put your commas and periods always go inside the quotation marks. Make sure our punctuation is well and neat as it will make our papers easier to read.
Essay writing is going through the scientific process. It is designed to help test a hypothesis not prove preconceptions. Research is your targeted search for evidence to test your hypothesis, not prove it. Your payoff is analyzing your data and drawing conclusions, not proving your hypothesis.
I appreciated you using my topic of PEDs in class professor Hodges!
Find out if it’s true or not, don’t try to prove yourself.
I am going to print out the hypothesis chart to help me with my research. I feel as if I changed my topic as I felt stuck in the direction of how to research. This chart has given me a sense of security in the direction I go!
Search the edges for your evidence. There’s no saying that there’s been exact work on what our hypothesis is. We have to search outside the box to find the true answers that we need.
Stone Money Talk!
Money is all about belief! If we don’t believe in the value of the USD what will happen? We can still use animated language, but it’s not fluff, if we can use animated language right it will help prove our point.
I feel more comfortable with the entire writing process of the paper after this class.
– Avoid a passive voice in the research papers.
– Italicize scholarly journals when doing in-text citations (New York Times)
– If words that are possessive already end in an “s”, just add the apostrophe (‘).
– Writing an essay is like the scientific method, designed to test something, not necessarily prove something. Try to prove that something can be proven true or try to prove that something can’t be proven false. Gathering evidence that proves anything is a success.
– Sometimes it may be easier to look for related topics or sources when researching because the main topic may be very little researched or not researched at all.
When writing an essay, it is like creating our own hypothesis and having to prove whether or not it is true and share our results.
Our essay is compared to the scientific method, where our research is the testing of the hypothesis and the resolution is the final paragraph of our essay.
All that matters is that we communicate the results of our research, not if our hypothesis was right or wrong.
As long as we get the research and the results that we have proven something, then we have done our job as the writer.
– Avoid passive sentences, be specific, using “I” or “they”
– We have 4 required conferences but can have as many as we need
– Italicize publications
– Semi-colons can be used in place of commas for run on sentences
– Use an apostrophe after a name ending in an ‘s’ to add the possessive form
– Essay writing is similar to the scientific process, testing hypotheses, analyzing data, and making conclusions
– You have to see if evidence supports your theory, and you can always change your theory or even just prove is wrong
– The value of currency depends on the people
– We will read multiple articles for the stone money essay
– the market economy determines the value of money, not the government
– Begin thinking about and creating the White Paper
Class Notes-
Citation review
For major publications we put them in italics. Azntaco has a good review
When you name a thing twice you place it in commas. EX: My dog, Monty, loves a bone.
Student example: ” In the New York Times Article, “The Fiction That Makes the World Go Round,”Richard Davies states,”
Commas and periods always go inside the quotation marks
When thought is a complete statement you can use a ; or a period. Semi colon is better when the two sentence are like a formula.
When something ends in a S for example Davies you wouldn’t put Davies’s article. You use Davies’ because you wont say the second s.
Your quotes do not need to start with a capital letter if they are the middle of a sentence or a fragment.
Lecture: Theory, Hypothesis, or Fact?
We are conducting an experiment to find if our hypothesis is true. We research and gather in formation and at some point we may have to acknowledge our results are not meeting our hypothesis but we can still leave the hypothesis open for further research. At the end we can communicate our results. Again it does not matter what our original hypothesis was to achieve these results, our results matter more.
Stone Money
Use ideas form the Cows and Chips lesson in our initial drafts. Use animated language to grab the reader and make them feel the same ideas you’re writing about. Use physical concepts to illustrate our abstract ideas.
Commas always go inside quotation marks. Semicolons and parentheses may go outside of the, but commas do not. You put publications in italics. A chapter inside of books or individual articles would be in quotation marks. Quotations usually begin with a letter if they are the first word in the sentence you’re quoting, but do not always have to be. Do not put a “‘s” after another “s” unless you are planning to pronounce both s’s.
Essay writing is a lot like the scientific process. Both test the hypothesis of an experiment. When writing these, you should not look at it as a debate. You should research every angle and go in with an open-mind, preparing for your stance to change. If you find something you claimed to be true was untrue, you could always alter your hypothesis to fit your new outlook.
In the Stone Money podcast, they talked about how money only has value if the people believe it does. The value of money in different countries when compared to each other was also explored. Anything can be currency if it is used as a payment of trade.
9/22 Notes
For our riddle, we had to think about how geese know which goose to follow. This was really quite simple as the geese follow the goose which is in the front. We don’t know how they determine what goose will be in front leading
Our first conferences have just ended. These were helpful in order to get a better understanding of what is expected in our hypothesis. My two conferences helped me bounce my ideas off Professor Hodges and find what type of research I should be expecting to find. Our second conferences are now beginning through October 20th. These conferences will be to check in on our progress.
It is important to categorize our post in order for Professor Hodges to be able to access it and give proper grades.
Big publications are italicized when being referred to in our work. Article titles or chapters should be put into parentheses. When a person has an s to end their last name we do not need to put another s to refer to their works. For Richard Davies, we would refer to him as Davies’
Writing an essay should test hypotheses using experiments and not prove a topic that one already knows. When researching you should be looking for evidence that tests your hypothesis. The goal is to prove if the hypothesis is true or false. Analyzing data and drawing conclusions is the step where you look at the research you have found and decide whether or not your hypothesis was proven true or false. It is possible for your results to show that they can not be proven to be true or not proven to be false. Communicating the results of your research is the final step in essay writing. When starting research you need to find out what is true and arguable. Just because the results don’t match your hypothesis does not mean you should ignore that research.
Our discussion on “Stone Money” went over the idea that money is fictional. Money only works if you believe in the value and power behind it. In Brazil, the people did not have faith in the cruizero and their inflation rate was skyrocketing. A group of 4 friends came up with a virtual currency for people to start trusting their money again and bring the value of the cruizero back up. Money can be made up by the Federal Reserve and printed at their leisure. They inject this money into the economy by buying government bonds and secure mortgages.
Use analogies and specific illustrations to break up the essay so that it is not all about money and terms we do not understand. This captures the reader’s attention and helps them understand the essay better when it is something you can relate to.
-Major publications like New York Times get italicized in this class.
-when naming two of the same things right after each other like my dog Monte. You put commas around the second name. Ex. My dog, Monte, is great.
-commas and periods always go inside quotation marks.
-Chapters in a book get quotation marks, and the book gets italicized.
-don’t comma splice. Conjoining two independent clauses with a comma.
-if you are putting a reference to cite your source, you center the word “Reference” and add no punctuation to it.
-essay writing at college comp 2 level is like the scientific process. We experiment.
-When we go do background research we aren’t going after evidence to prove it, but finding what is true. As long as you reach an answer.
-At the end of the research, we communicate the results that either align with the hypothesis or do not.
-In the stone money assignment we write about how the exchange rate between the US dollar and the Egyptian pound is crazy.
-It’s better to add concrete illustrations so that the audience can easily imagine abstract concepts that will be described when writing the stone money essay.
For In-Text Citations punctuations are very important because it determines if the sentences are run ons and completely changes the tone. One example would be putting commas before the quotations and after the quotations (, “…..,”).
Essay writing is like the scientific process, they’re designed to test the hypotheses with experiments. Research searches for evidence to test the hypothesis, to determine whether it is true or false. There is a procedure to follow which starts with asking a question and then doing background research for evidence. Construct a hypothesis based on your research, then test with an experiment to see if the procedure is working. Analyze the data and draw conclusions communicating the results.
The idea of money that its just a piece of paper with no actual value to them. You’re working for the ability to buy stuff not the actual bills. It’s just a piece of paper that people put intrinsic value on when in reality its worth nothing at all. The material slowly degrading itself overtime going from precious metals to slim linen paper. How does pieces of money from an atm differ from a stone tablet at the bottom of the ocean? We haven’t seen either of them its just basically numbers on the screen.
Publications should be italicized, since it holds the same weight as a book.
Commas go inside quotation marks always. Same with periods
Essay writing is taken the same way as the Scientific Process, used to test potential hypothesis.
Essays should be more than just a “yes,no” topic.
Whether we prove our “theory” true, false, or even as unable to be proven either way, it all sizes up to a win as a research paper.
Do not taint your research by trying to only search for answers that support your hypothesis and avoiding anything that supports the contrary
Your experiment can always shift if your evidence is leading you towards a new, exciting direction. Your ending hypothesis may be completely different from your initial question. Be open to the opportunities
For the stone money essay, only using conceptual things can make the essay complex and untethered.
If you use more tangible things in your essay, your readers can be more connected to it and understand your lesson better
9/22/22
The geese know which geese to by following the one in front
Provide feedback on how your zoom went with professor
Commas and periods ALWAYS go inside the parentheses
New York Times is always shown in italics
Stone Money podcast
Money only has value if the people believe it does
Anything can be used as currency in a payment of trade
Drop down Tools from Google Doc to enable Notifications of updates/changes to the Mandatory Conference Chart.
We discussed the format and correct appearance of a goof in text citations in class early on
We learned how to use quote and how to properly lead into them using APA format
Why the concept of value and money has been going on since people would trade rocks for currency back in the day.
Why is money nothing for the imagination
Money only holds value based on how many things you can get with the currency unlike the numerical value of how it is counted.
This is a prime example if you ever travel to different countries where american currency is more valuable than the common equivalent of currency in their home country.
9/22Class Notes
In todays class we talked about citations and money currency
In text citations are very important
If your going to cite someone make sure you have a way to track down source
Essay writing is like the scientific process
Designed to test hypothesis with experiments
Ask a Question
Do research
Construct a hypothesis
Test with an experiment
Procedure working
Analyze Data and Draw construction
Communicate Results
The party in power could really mess up the economy
The value of american dollar vs a euro
We want the thing other people respect more
9-22 Class notes
How do geese know which goes to follow? Answer is follow the one in the front
Write review on how the conference went
With possessive nouns make sure to end the name with an apostrophe S and if the name ends with an S then make sure it ends with just an apostrophe.
When we are mentioning an author of the article make sure to type out their name with italics.
Make sure periods and commas are always inside the quotation marks.
The punctuation has to make sure if it is in or not based on if it’s a part of the quote.
A quote within a quote requires single quotation marks.
Writing an essay for your comp 2 class is just like the scientific process. Make a hypothesis. As you do so, do background research on the hypothesis. From there you can test an experiment to see if the procedure is working or not. If having trouble with procedure trying to prove it right or wrong maybe you need to take steps backwards and seek for better sources. You can ask questions about the research you were looking for. From the data gathered you can now start to draw conclusions. Make sure the results align with the hypothesis and share you results. If now you can share the data for a future or new project for yourself or even someone else.
What should me the most from the NPR broadcast, “The invention of Money” was how big boulder rocks and stones actually had value.
We can say the value of money is what you can buy with it.
Make sure assignments are being put in the correct category
Publications use italics
Titles like a website post uses quotation marks
Periods and commas ALWAYS go inside quotation marks
Essay writing at the college level is identical to the scientific process
You can come to four conclusions about an hypothesis
Money is just information, at no point does your bank walk over your $100 to a phone company
Nothing really happens in the real world besides the electrical pulses between computers of the transactions going through
Somebody decides how much money is in the economy
Economy is like steering a barge. It takes time to navigate where it wants to go
When they raise interest by 1%, it’s considered MASSIVE
You can still buy a pack of doritos for a $1, but you will get less chips
It doesn’t matter if you have faith in the currency, you must trust that the person you are buying something trusts it
Its like bitcoin, doesn’t matter if you have 100,000 USD, it only matters if someone is willing to take that as a form of currency
We use the physical objects as way to abstract the ideas we are talking about
We should physicalize are 1000 word essays
“The geese follow the one in front”
Grammer
– Commas go before and after titles
– Title are put in italics or quotation marks.
– Quotes inside of a quote uses single ‘ ‘
– Don’t need to start a halfway quote with “…”
– “…” is used when you are leaving out material
Essay writing is lie the scientific process, designed to test hypotheses with experiments, not prove preconceptions.
“Scientists don’t establish experiments, and then ignore and reject the evidence that doesn’t support it. They just aim to prove whether it’s true, false, or impossible to prove/disprove”.
Cash is worth its buying power. Its only worth how much you can get out of it.
If we can’t spend it because not everyone who you’re buying from accepts it, it’s not worth it. The value depends on how much it is wanted. (thats why crypto is so stupid).
Think of actual tangent things you can use as examples for abstract ideas. It’s hard to picture things that have no physical presence or value.
All quotations start with double but when it inside another quote then its is a single quote.
doing background research on your hypothesis
you know when your hypothesis is working when u start do develop background
if dont then your hypothesis is not right
your essay based on the thesis
you have to communicate the results
It stoney island is kinda Similar to todays work
people start rising money when the government starts realizing to much but when people dont have money they lower the price
value of dollar is what you bye with it
Citation Mechanics
– Name of publication in italics, like New York Times, articles within a publication are in quotation marks
– Periods go inside quotation marks always
– Use 4 ellipses at the end of a quotation to indicate the end of the sentence, the fourth ellipses will be the period
Lecture
– Essay writing is similar to the scientific process, where you come up with and test out a hypothesis. You are not proving ideas that are already widely accepted
– Find sources that help you reinforce your hypothesis
– Communicate your results, don’t defend your original hypothesis if it isn’t entirely correct
– Money is worth how much you can buy with it, there is no universally known “value”
– Anecdotes and things we can visualize are really good ways to remember ideas
Class Notes (09/22/22 9:30 am COMP II)
-you have to be careful how you place your punctuations when dealing with quotes
-sometimes the punctuations go inside the quotes, sometimes they go outside
-all initial quotes start with double quotes, if there is a secondary quote in the initial quote, then the secondary quote gets single quotes
-punctuation is very important, and using it properly will help your audience understand your writing better
-essay writing according to Professor Hodges, is similar to the scientific method
-money only has as much value as we give it, so if we didn’t “value” money it wouldn’t be considered valuable
-literally, anything could be used as “money”, we just happened to choose a piece of paper with a face and numbers on it
-money’s worth is determined by how many things we can buy with it
-the value of a dollar is worth whatever someone will give you for it
-anecdotes and imagery are the best way to communicate abstract ideas
9/22
Next conference deadline October 13th
Make sure to categorize posts with username
Punctuation always goes inside the quotation
The publication should be italicized
Ellipsis- three used at the start of a sentences quotes after the beginning of the sentence, four used at the end of an unfinished quote
Essay writing at Comp II level is like the scientific process- You don’t establish the conclusion and only accept evidence that supports it, the procedure is working if you start to come to some conclusion about the truth of the hypothesis, communicate the results of what you found even if it doesn’t fully support your hypothesis.
Money is worth its buying power, those who want to buy need to have as much faith in it as those who want to sell.
Use simple ideas to make abstract claims, such as using physical common objects and animated language.
How do geese decide which goose to follow?
They follow the one in front of them
Publications use italics
Names of articles use quotation marks
Book titles also get italics
All quotations start with double quotation marks
If a quote is inside of a quote it would get single quotation marks
Writing a research paper is a lot like the scientific process
It doesn’t matter whether or not your hypothesis is correct
It’s more important that you find information that either proves or disproves your hypothesis
“Communicate Results” not “Defending original thinking
When there is a small amount of goods and a lot of money, prices go up
When there is a large amount of goods and not a lot of money, prices go down
Interest rates are how the economy is balanced
Money’s value is based off of what you could buy with it
Even if you wanna use bitcoin, if the person you’re buying from doesn’t want it it is worth nothing
The germans made the Yap people believe that their currency was worthless, so they would build roads for them
9/22/22 In-Class Notes
Major publications when being cited in your sentences are italicized. Articles, on the other hand, are identified using quotation marks. A clarifying word split up by commas such as “my friend, Mark, ” is known as a noun of apposition. Ellipses are used in a count of 3 at the start of a quotation, but 4 at the end because there also needs to be a period at the end of it.
Essay writing isn’t about proving the argument you already believed in, but guessing at an argument and honestly assessing its accuracy through an experiment. Your procedure for testing your hypothesis is only the right procedure if it can provide the right sources to decide on that same hypothesis’s validity. What we expect to find matters very little in comparison to what we actually find, and the more we welcome this iterative process the better we will write.
Yap’s stone currency is even more similar to our own system than is initially obvious. The independent crews which travel to carve the stones far away and move them back resemble the independent federal reserve, and the fact that the stones require this difficult process to create there are simple price controls. Furthermore, the stones create an interesting dynamic because there are no varying units of value for their currency. It would be like if the United States only gave out money in 100 dollar bills and there were no 1, 5, 10, 20 or 50 dollar bills. Smaller purchases operate off bartering and only large purchases use the disks, which while in some ways less efficient does help keep Yap’s currency stable.
The values of currencies are often self-reinforcing because of the way they interact and the manner in which their stability coincides with people’s confidence in them. One US Dollar is worth more than its equivalent value in many other currencies because it is more stable. The money is only worth as much as it can buy, and so even a dollar coin is worth less than a dollar bill because the person you try to pay with it may not recognize it as part of the same currency system as a US dollar and therefore will trust it less.
Riddle
Geese follow the goose in front when they fly
Housekeeping
A passive voice should be avoided when writing our papers
Homework
Publications should be italicized such as New York Times
Commas and periods never should be outside quotation marks
Don’t use a comma between two complete sentences
You don’t have to put apostrophe s if the subject’s name ends in an s. Just put the apostrophe
When quoting, the first letter doesn’t have to be capitalized if it isn’t the beginning of the sentence
When listing references make sure the word “references” is centered over the list
A chapter would be in quotations but the book itself should be in italics
Theory, Hypothesis, or Fact?
Writing is like the Scientific Process, designed to test hypothesis with experiments
Writing about what you found in your research is the final mandate
If something hasn’t been thoroughly researched an opportunity arises
You conduct an experiment that helps to prove your hypothesis
Class Notes
-Geese follow the leader, whoever wants to lead and the ones that fall back they leave them
-Make sure to give feedback after every zoom for improvement of just giving good insight
-Commas never ever, ever, ever, ever go outside of quote, always inside
-New York Times is always shown in italics
-Essay writing is like the scientific process, just like a research paper we test an hypothesis
-Ask a question, do research, construct a hypothesis, test it, see if it’s working, draw a conclusion and then communicate your results. It’s the same way for a research paper
-The federal reserve is not apart of the government nor are they a bank
Notes:
– Citation: when discussing a book or article, make it italic.
– write research paper:
essay writing in comp is very likely to look like the scientific process.
– Research in order to prove hypothesis. When it’s proven then it becomes a thesis.
– Communicative results: whether it’s proven or not proven.
– Money is only worth what you can buy with it, it also depends on the economy you’re living in.
– Geese follow the goose in front. They take turns being the goose in the front. It’s really fascinating.
– Reminder: There are 4 mandatory meetings, but you can have multiple.
– There are multiple ways to test a hypothesis. The process of writing a paper is similar to that of the scientific method. It’ alright to change the your hypothesis from what you had in the beginning. If it doesn’t work out, you can go back to change it and make it work. All that matters is you gather the evidence that proves something. You can choose to prove/disprove whatever you want, as long as you have evidence to back it up
– If there is extra cash in the economy, then the money loses value. There is so much money in the economy right now because of COVID and we’re paying for it in headaches.
– Money is worth how many of the goods and services can be purchased
– The Federal Reserve makes decisions on how much money should be or shoulfn’t be in the economy
9/22 Class Notes
-Can have as many Zoom conferences as needed/wanted, but 4 are required
-New York Times = New York Times
-Publications
-Comma and periods go in quotation marks
-Title of the book gets italicized, but a chapter or review would be in quotation marks
-More than 2 ways to look at any problem
-Creates hypothesis to TEST, not prove
-Sources, evidence that demonstrates the case is the test of the hypothesis
-Hypothesis does not need to be specifically stated in conclusion
-Hypothesis may change by end of paper
-Check the diagram on 9/22 class schedule
-Currency may mean more in another country than it does here
-Ex. American dollar can mean more to Egyptian cab driver than a form of
Egyptian currency (explain in paper)
-Can add images into essay to use up 100-200 words that you do not necessarily know how to explain
-Begin White Paper
– Geese just follow the goose in front. The question should be how do the geese decide who gets to lead the group.
– The second conference will be anywhere between now and October 20. You can schedule as many conferences as you want.
– Commas always go inside the quotation marks, and separate two independent sentences.
– There are more than 2 ways to look at a proposition. It doesn’t matter if we prove it true or false, or if we prove that it cannot be proven true and/or false.
– We want to find out whether it is true, not prove it true. We have to always consider the strongest argument against our hypothesis.
– You don’t go back and try to force the evidence in your favor. It doesn’t matter if your hypothesis is true.
– If you don’t find a piece of direct evidence, then maybe no one has ever tested your theory before. This is an opportunity to get more information on the topic.
– You may or may not ever mention your hypothesis in your paper.
– You have to communicate your results regardless of whether or not it supports your original hypothesis.
– The actual piece of paper we exchange between countries matters. The reputation that comes with the item we trade is what gives it value. Even if the exchange rate is the same value, you have to think of who you’re giving it to and if they would respect it.
– The federal reserve is not actually part of the government, nor is it a bank.
Reminder us that we will have another conference to talk about our process in this course between now and Oct 20.
Comma marks always go inside the quotation marks. Don’t use a comma in between two different complete sentences.
If somebody’s name with the last letter is “s”, so just put the ’ and don’t need to put another “s” after their name to show something belonging to his or her.
Went through our In-text Citation and fixed mistakes on it.
Essay is writing and supporting the hypothesis with experimental evidence, not just proving preconceived ideas. Research to find the source to improve the hypothesis. COmmunicate results, not just defend the original thinking.
Gathering evidence to prove something. If we could not prove positive, so just prove negative and opposite.
When we talk about money, it could seem to it is really important to human life, but it just a paper. Yap Island is an example of people don’t use money for trading or purchase, they use stone instead.
Sept 22,2022
-The publisher names goes with Italics and the article followed by it starts with a comma and quotation marks ( ‘’ ).
-All quotations require double quotes but all quotations start with double quotes.
-A title gets a single quotation quote.
-Discussing about the strange things after listening to the podcast ,’’stone money’’.
-The barter system which was used to trade cows to buy something. This was a long time ago when there was no currency in the country and people use to trade with cows or whatever they own to compensate with the item they buy.
-The importance of a dollar note ? – worth of a dollar depends on the buying power.
Our conversation tended to be more mechanical and structural in nature. Employing informal In-text citations and beginning with APA format. By using in-text citations, you may provide the reader hints and organize your information so they can figure out where you got your information from. How to cite sources was something I had always gotten wrong. I’ve learned that publications are written in italics and articles are written with quotation marks.Our discussion tended to be more structurally oriented and mechanical. Using in-text citations that are casual and starting with APA format. You can provide the reader cues and organize your information by utilizing in-text citations so they can determine where you received your information from. I had consistently gotten the citation style wrong. I now know that articles should be put in quote marks and that publications should be written in italics.