Reflective – spatel8267

Posted on December 21, 2022 by spatel8267

Core Value 1. My work demonstrates that I used a variety of social and interactive practices that involve recursive stages of exploration, discovery, conceptualization, and development.

I think I achieved this Core value from the Hypothesis as it is the class where I get back the feedback from the professor. Due to this I get to know my mistakes and learned to rewrite it by putting better amount of information. Also the conference helped me a lot in my thesis and helped me to collect all the information from the sources.

Core Value 2. My work demonstrates that I read critically, and that I placed texts into conversation with one another to create meaning by synthesizing ideas from various discourse communities. 

Core value 2 can be best described with my “Definition Rewrite” as for this argument we need to read different sources and get more information and apply it to your draft. Even in this draft the professor help me through conference and checked thoroughly through each sentence to correct my mistakes. This made me learn the mistakes and put correct information.

Core Value 3. My work demonstrates that I rhetorically analyzed the purpose, audience, and contexts of my own writing and other texts and visual arguments.

Core value 3 best illustrates “Casual Rewrite” as you have to put information from different researchers and also put your own ideas by analyzing the purpose, audience and contexts. All the agruments describe the thesis and help to learn from your own ideas. Due to this class I learned how to use your imagination and ideas.

Core Value 4: My work demonstrates that I have met the expectations of academic writing by locating, evaluating, and incorporating illustrations and evidence to support my own ideas and interpretations.

The “Visual Rewrite” describes Core Value 4 as it focuses on writing information from a short video of 30 second. In this rewrite you have listen and watch each second carefully to write about the argument. You have to describe the small details like clothes, expressions, and carefully watchout each aspects. Due to this you can evaluate, locate and incorporate illustrations and evidence to support your own ideas and interpretations.

Core Value 5. My work demonstrates that I respect my ethical responsibility to represent complex ideas fairly and to the sources of my information with appropriate citation. 

The best illustration is Research Paper. It is draft of all short arguments definition, casual and rebuttal. It include all the information from these arguments and best describes the thesis. I have put all the sources in my research paper so that it can be best used in my research paper. It provides the useful information in the research paper provide best information about the thesis.

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Research — glacierfreeze21

Posted on December 21, 2022 by glacierfreeze21

Turf or Grass?

Why does the National Football League still neglect the benefits of having natural grass stadiums over artificial turf? Evidence shows that players have a higher rate of non contact lower extremity injuries when playing on artificial turf than playing on natural grass. Not only to the extent of injuries but the environmental risks that are involved with installing artificial turf fields. The NFL should only have natural grass fields instead of artificial turf because there is a decrease in lower extremity injuries and environmental risks with the natural option.

What causes there to be more knee injuries in NFL players when playing on artificial turf opposed to playing on natural grass? This topic has lingered around the football world in the United States for a long time now and is still producing limited answers on why this tends to occur. 

Knee injuries, particularly football-related anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are influenced by a variety of circumstances, such as, the field conditions at the time of the injury, the kind of play, the player’s position and activity, the playing surfaces, and the coefficient of friction at the shoe-surface interface. Reduced risk of this kind of noncontact injury may result from awareness of the role that these factors play in the occurrence of noncontact ACL injuries. According to research, about 18% of all football injuries are knee ligament injuries. According to Powell and Schootman, researchers at their respective universities, on average each year NFL teams have six game-related knee ligament injuries. Injury rates and risk variables related to grass and Astroturf were discussed in their study. Despite the fact that they did not distinguish between contact and noncontact injuries, they emphasized the significance of the surface and the shoe-surface interaction as significant risk factors. Identifying and separating contact from non contact injuries is crucial for reducing injuries. Noncontact football-related injuries have not been included in many studies, and this is still a major cause for worry. A noncontact ACL damage may tragically end an athlete’s career even though “muscle pulls,” “ankle sprains,” and other non contact injuries like “turf burners” do not cause significant time loss.

Mike Florio, an American author, sportswriter and radio host, speaks on behalf of the NFL and how all teams in the league should be playing on real grass instead of “fake grass”. In the article he states, “It never should happen. Yes, today’s artificial surfaces are better than the cruel and unusual green cement on which tackle football was played for decades. But they’re not grass. They should be grass. All of them.” In the past, the NFL had only played on very poorly groomed fields that could be argued they were safer for the players than playing on artificial turf. Mike Florio goes on to say that any team owner who’s team doesn’t play on natural grass doesn’t care about their players’ safety. “Any owner who plays in a stadium that doesn’t use grass doesn’t care about protecting his or her players as much as they should. While much can’t be done to retrofit some of the stadiums with non-retractable roofs, every stadium that can convert to grass should, and all new stadiums must be built with grass fields, not fake ones.” Former NFL center, JC Tretter talks about the difficulties of playing on artificial turf compared to natural grass in the league. Tretter discusses his transition from college football to the big league, “As a rookie learning the ins and outs of being a professional football player, I remember the collective groan that my older teammates made whenever it was announced that we’d be practicing indoors on artificial turf instead of the usual outdoor grass field. I played almost exclusively on synthetic turf in college. Once I started experiencing both surfaces interchangeably, I began to understand exactly why my teammates disliked the practices on turf. Whenever I practiced on an artificial field surface, my joints felt noticeably stiffer the next day. The unforgiving nature of artificial turf compounds the grind on the body we already bear from playing a contact sport.” Artificial turf is composed of synthetic fibers made to mirror natural grass. The playing surface is subjected to extraordinarily high levels of stress and rotation by professional football players. The grass will finally give way, which frequently causes the cleat to loosen before reaching an unsafe load. Because there is less give in synthetic surfaces, our knees, ankles, and feet absorb more impact, increasing the likelihood of damage.

One of the biggest differences between artificial turf and natural grass is the level of care. Natural grass can last a long time but it takes an immense amount of maintenance to keep the field in perfect condition. This also means that it is going to be way more costly to the NFL teams to make sure the grass is kept up. Artificial turf on the other hand is way less expensive and a lot easier to maintain. When ChemGrass was installed at the Houston Astrodome to replace the deteriorating grass in the first dome stadium in the middle of the 1960s, the first artificial turf-style field was created. The argument between natural grass and turf playing surfaces started when the grass was later renamed as AstroTurf. The cost difference between synthetic turf and grass fields is one of the strongest arguments in favor of its deployment. In contrast to grass fields, turf usually costs money up front and requires little to no upkeep over its lifetime.

In perspective, the National Football League may not realize the additional costs going to treating these knee injuries. Through players’ eyes there definitely is frustration because of the intimidation of cost for upkeep on the natural grass fields. In the long run there might be correlations between the cost to maintain the natural grass fields and the costs associated with the various treatments for the knee injuries suffered in the NFL. As a viewer and fan of the NFL, it pains to see these players go through agonizing ACL tears and ruptures just because of the main focus in the league of price in maintaining the natural grass fields. This problem with artificial turf has been floating around the league ever since Astroturf was founded to be the main culprit of knee injuries in NFL players. The NFL needs to take care of their players instead of eyeing in on the only important idea in money.

Professional football is one of the most watched sports in the United States which is played in the National Football League. Obviously injuries are a part of every contact or non contact activity that is played around the world but some may feel that to an extent, somehow they could be prevented. Followers of these sports do not want to see the players diagnosed with potential season ending injuries like ACL tears because of the type of surface that’s being played on. 

With the development of third-generation and hybrid turf types, which aim to provide athletes an experience closer to natural grass, the usage of artificial turf in sports has increased. The most popular type of artificial grass is third-generation turf, which consists of long, synthetic fibers that resemble grass and are interspersed with sand and rubber. Hybrid turf systems use natural grass that has been strengthened with extra synthetic fibers to increase the field’s tensile strength. Both artificial turf kinds are now utilized in professional sports, such as football and soccer,which also happen to be two activities in which ACL injuries are relatively prevalent. When playing on artificial turf as opposed to real grass, there is a higher chance of ACL injuries in practice and competition, according to studies looking at the risk of ACL injuries in collegiate and professional football and soccer players. The greater frictional force between your shoes and the fake grass contributes to these ailments on artificial turf frequently. Your foot is more firmly adhered to the earth when you plant it there. As a result, any upper body twisting will place more strain on the ACL and increase the likelihood that the ligament will break. Natural grass would make it easier for the planted foot to move, minimizing the strain used on the knee and the likelihood of injury.

Rebecca Lambert, a Grand Canyon athletic trainer as well as a personal trainer, said she has not seen a big difference in injury rate when comparing the newer grade of turf versus natural grass. But, she said, when an athlete plants his or her foot on turf it is like glue.

“There’s a higher friction and so when you’re cutting or turning, you just stick to a little bit more whereas with natural grass there’s a little more movement in the ground,” Lambert said. “A lot of players complain about feeling more sore or just kind of joints being more achy, kind of worn down after competing on turf versus grass as well.”

Despite the benefits of synthetic turf, there has recently been pressure on NFL teams to return to playing on actual grass. Many athletes contend that grass offers a superior playing surface and is easier on their body. The fact that grass is significantly softer than artificial turf is one of the main advantages of playing on it. This can lessen the possibility of player injury. Grass also has a tendency to be cooler than synthetic turf, which might make playing more comfortable in hot weather.

The fact that playing on grass can assist players’ bodies last longer is another advantage. Grass is additionally thought to be more aesthetically beautiful than synthetic turf, which some supporters favor. Currently, nine of the sixteen NFL teams who play on actual grass do so on Bermuda grass, a tough, durable material. Many NFL players have voiced their support for playing on grass rather than synthetic turf. One explanation for this is that grass is seen to be safer for players than artificial turf since it is softer and less flexible. Furthermore, grass offers better traction and footing, which might help avoid injuries.

Benefits of having natural grass over artificial turf include the ability to self repair and the costs to remove are low. All athletic fields experience wear and tear over time. Natural grass fields that are still alive have the capacity to recover. Surfaces created by humans cannot fix themselves. In comparison to artificial fields, natural grass fields can endure two to three times longer. The material used in the artificial turf is not very environmentally friendly and there isn’t a whole lot of information or facts that back up these products used to make the artificial turf. If the materials used to manufacture the artificial turf doesn’t have the information behind it, then it may not be the products to use for professional athletes because of the risks of injury. The NFL would be doing themselves a favor by converting all artificial turf fields in the league to natural grass no matter the costs and possible cons to having the natural grass. Removing artificial turf from the National Football League would most certainly benefit not only the players, coaches and commissioner but also the entire football community may feel a sign of relief if it were set to change. Instead of basing the importance off of costs and saving, move to protecting the players in the league instead.

At all levels of competition, the usage of artificial turf fields has been a significant subject of debate among players, coaches, trainers, and doctors ever since they were first introduced in the 1960s.  The usage of artificial turf fields at all levels of competition in a number of sports has steadily expanded, mostly due to advantageous long-term cost profiles, enhanced durability, and more constant playing conditions compared to natural grass. In order to give the surface a more natural feel and, theoretically, reduce field-related injuries, manufacturers have made substantial adjustments to these products over the past 50 years, altering fiber type and density, increasing underfield cushioning, and adding rubberized fill. However, concerns of higher injury rates continue to plague use of these surfaces. Increased frictional force on all varieties of artificial turf has typically been supported by biomechanical studies, theoretically raising the risk of injury in comparison to natural grass.Real grass also absorbs carbon dioxide, which releases oxygen into the atmosphere, resulting in more protection of the water supply. Despite the findings, the football community still debates this year in and year out.

A field needs to be correctly planned and built, frequently maintained by trained workers, and have usage that is restricted and limited in order to retain a good quality stand of natural grass. The natural grass cover on the field will deteriorate over time if any one of the three components is absent. Natural grass requires a lot of maintenance to keep the grass in the best shape possible for the athletes playing weekly on the surface. A maintenance schedule that includes mowing, fertilizer, watering, aeration, and overseeding for natural grass athletic fields will keep the grass healthy year-round and provide a secure playing surface throughout the season. Natural grass will become unsatisfactory and unsuitable for sports participation if the grass is not maintained properly. Some sports have moved their stadiums indoors to withstand harsh or unpredictable weather, but growing traditional grass indoors presents new difficulties. Artificial turf is a great option for interior environments because it does not need the usual growing conditions, such as sunlight or watering. The environmental problems resulting from the artificial turf installments are much more detrimental than paying for the extra maintenance to keep a grass field up to par. Several field studies have been carried out to ascertain the effects of tire chips and shreds used in civil engineering applications on the quality of surface water and groundwater. These investigations included sampling of existing sites, field trials, and follow-up monitoring for up to two years. Although their concentrations typically did not go above their individual maximum contamination levels (MCLs) for drinking water, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Al proved to be the most concerning contaminants overall, whereas organic contaminants were only present at trace levels. These findings call for additional field research with controls as they raise the possibility that groundwater or surface water may be impacted by scrap tire materials.

A study conducted in the article, Determination of priority and other hazardous substances in football fields of synthetic turf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: A health and environmental concern, states,

“Samples from fifteen football fields were analyzed, and the results revealed the presence of 24 of the 40 target compounds, including 14 of the 16 EPA PAHs, with total concentrations up to 50 μg g−1. Heavy metals such as Cd, Cr and Pb were also found. A partial transfer of organic compounds to the air and runoff water was also demonstrated. The analysis of rainwater collected directly from the football field showed the presence of a high number of the target compounds at concentrations reaching above 100 μg L−1. The environmental risk arising from the burning of crumb rubber tires has been assessed, as well, analyzing the crumb rubber, and the air and water in contact with this material, showing a substantial increase in both the number and concentration of the hazardous chemicals.Another point to keep in mind is that these surfaces are periodically watered to maintain their physical properties. This type of practice, together with rainwater may favor the leaching of metals and hazardous organic compounds from the crumb rubber, whose final fate are sewage waters, groundwater and/or natural surface waters, thereby implying an environmental risk . On the other hand, volatile and semivolatile compounds may also be transferred to the air above the surfaces , especially in summer when the surfaces can reach very high temperatures being the hazardous chemicals more accessible to players by inhalation. In this way, children are the most potentially affected by playing on these surfaces, since their breathing rate is higher than adults and the entrance of potentially toxic substances in their organism may be easier, and the consequence more dangerous.”

Due to their ability to cleanse water and break down pollutants as they pass through the root zone, turf grasses and the soil microbes that coexist with them in turf environments help to reduce environmental contamination. Rainfall can become so acidic due to atmospheric pollution that it harms the ecology. However, passing rainwater through a healthy grass field can cut its acidity in half compared to its unfiltered original level. This enhances the quality of groundwater and lessens water body contamination in rivers and lakes. Artificial turf has also been found to trap and store carbon that may contribute to global warming. Grass fields sometimes have the potential to regenerate, which implies that they not only flourish but also get better over time. The field helps to maintain the environment in and around it as it develops stronger and more resilient, requiring less fertilizer and water. This includes improved soil, which benefits not just the grass plant system but also the field’s ecosystem as a whole.

The detrimental cautions to our environment should be at the top of the list when looking at changing the surfaces used in the National Football League. The information presented is not appealing to the viewers and followers of the league and certainly is not welcoming any parents to allow their children to start participating in this sport because of the environmental risks it creates. The league needs to do better in protecting its players no matter the costs and hassle that it may bring.

The NFL views would be considered twisted in that the main focus perceived is installing artificial turf is to save as much money as possible but also make the fields somewhat suitable for the players. The amount of injuries suffered on these artificial turf surfaces and the environmental issues resulting should not be viewed as just a number the league looks at each year and hopes it lowers the next year. 

References

Celeiro, M., Dagnac, T., & Llompart, M. (2018). Determination of priority and other hazardous substances in football fields of synthetic turf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: A health and environmental concern. Chemosphere, 195, 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.063

Cheng, H., Hu, Y., & Reinhard, M. (2014). Environmental and health impacts of artificial turf: a review. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(4), 2114–2129. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4044193

Florio, M. (2022, February 19). All fields should be real grass, not fake grass. ProFootballTalk. https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2022/02/19/all-fields-should-be-real-grass-not-fake-grass/


For better health, safety of athletes which playing surface is best? (2019, June 14). Global Sport Matters. https://globalsportmatters.com/health/2019/06/14/for-better-health-safety-of-athletes-which-playing-surface-is-best/

News, M. M. (2020, July 3). Athletes remain concerned about injuries on artificial turf. Cronkite News – Arizona PBS. https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2020/07/03/athletes-injuries-artificial-turf/

Red Hen Turf Farm – Features and Benefits of Natural Grass Sports Fields. (2020). Redhenturf.com. https://www.redhenturf.com/Sport_featuresBenefitsNatural.htm

Scranton PE, Whitesel JP, Powell JW, et al. A Review of Selected Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in the National Football League. Foot & Ankle International. 1997;18(12):772-776. doi:10.1177/107110079701801204

TLMG, R. (2022, May 13). Does the NFL Prefer Grass or Artificial Turf? The Turfgrass Group Inc. https://theturfgrassgroup.com/general/does-the-nfl-prefer-grass-or-turf/

Turf Leads to More ACL Injuries — Fact or Fiction? (2021, January 21). Curovate. https://curovate.com/blog/turf-leads-to-more-acl-injuries-fact-or-fiction/

Tretter, J. (n.d.). Only Natural Grass Can Level The NFL’s Playing Field. NFL Players Association. https://nflpa.com/posts/only-natural-grass-can-level-the-nfls-playing-field

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Open Strong — glacierfreeze21

Posted on December 21, 2022 by glacierfreeze21

Why does the National Football League still neglect the benefits of having natural grass stadiums over artificial turf? Evidence shows that players have a higher rate of non contact lower extremity injuries when playing on artificial turf than playing on natural grass. Not only to the extent of injuries but the environmental risks that are involved with installing artificial turf fields. The NFL should only hold natural grass fields instead of artificial turf because of the lower extremity injuries and environmental risks.

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Robust Verbs — glacierfreeze21

Posted on December 21, 2022 by glacierfreeze21

Original-

There is a huge problem in Vancouver with heroin addicts committing crimes to support their habits. The “free heroin for addicts” program is doing everything they can to stop the addicts. The problem is that there is a large crime rate due to the addicts. It is obvious that addicts have a hard time getting through their day to day lives. Daily activities such as jobs, interactions, and relationships are hard to maintain because of the fact that they are using. By heroin users being addicted, they will do whatever they have to do to get their hands on the drug. The types of crimes committed are those of breaking and entering as well as stealing. There are no limits to where they will go to retrieve this drug so that they can feed their addiction. The problem with this program is that it won’t help to ween these addicts off using heroin. It is only trying to save the city from rising crime rates that they’re up to. By providing the drug, these addicts will be off the streets, which in turn will prevent them from committing minor street crimes. This will also keep the heroin users out of the hospital. It is pointless that the hospitals have to deal with people that want to use bad drugs or unsanitary needles and find themselves being unable to afford hospital bills and hard to cope without the drug. This program gives people free heroin in the cleanest way possible. This will in turn fix the city  but not the addiction that these people face.

Revised-

Vancouver has been dealing with an immense issue of heroin addicts committing crimes to keep their addiction afloat. Offered is a “free heroin for addicts” program to halt the addicts. For heroin addicts, things like maintaining daily jobs and activities are very complicated for them. The program does not help addicts get off the heroin, it only is trying to get the crime rates to drop. The program provides the drug, which is supposed to keep the addicts off the streets and from committing minor crimes to get the drugs. The heroin users will be out of the hospitals and avoids non affordable medical bills. This solution only helps fix the city’s crime rates, not the addictions.

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Rebuttal Rewrite – spatel8267

Posted on December 21, 2022 by spatel8267

Wake Late, Win Late

Sleep is an important factor in one’s lifestyle and a reviving value. But having too much of something can be harmful or may affect our routine. One can totally agree when we say sleep is really important for people to have fresh start with their day but oversleeping can have the same amount of health problems as sleep derivation.

According to the majority of specialist, our modern 24-hour civilization has forced sleep to compete more and more with a variety of responsibilities. Around the world, it causes a significant reduction in sleep time, especially for teens and young people. But oversleeping is associated with many health problems such as obesity, depression, headaches and that doesn’t mean that it will make you sick, Vsevolod Polotsky, a professor of medicine at John Hopkins Medicine,

“We don’t exactly know the cause and effect.” “It definitely works the opposite way around; being sick makes you want to sleep more.” 

According to scientists, seven hours of sleep is best for the brain health. It could be a risk for age-related cognitives for sleeping too much or little. Professor Barbara Sahakian, University of Cambridge,

“A restful night’s sleep is crucial for everyone, but it becomes increasingly crucial as we age. In particular for patients with psychiatric disorders and dementias, finding techniques to promote sleep for older individuals may be essential to helping them retain excellent mental health and wellbeing and prevent cognitive decline.”

Over the course of your lifetime, you experience major changes in how much sleep you require. Your age, amount of activity, overall health, and way of living all play a role in this. But sleep differs from time and person, experts recommend that adults should sleep between seven and nine hours each night. The medical word for excessive sleep or protracted sleep is hypersomnia. Not only do those with the illness sleep more, but they may also have problems waking up or staying awake during the day.The most typical hypersomnia symptoms include daytime naps and trouble waking up.

Oversleeping disorders are now understood to increase the chance of developing heart disease. An review of 2,846 patients from a recent study revealed that 35% of those with coronary artery disease slept for more than seven and a half hours every night.There seems to be a connection between depression and excessive sleep. According to research, depression increases a person’s propensity for snoozing. However, slumbering too much might also exacerbate depression.

As they age, many people notice that they sleep more, and they assume that this is a typical aspect of aging.However, as you age, your sleep requirements shouldn’t significantly vary. Polotsky advises speaking with your physician if you frequently oversleep.In order to exclude sleep disorders, he or she might advise a sleep study.

Getting good amount of sleep makes a huge difference in how you feel and refreshes your mind. Too much or too little of sleep can lead to fatigue. It makes sense that if you get less amount of sleep you feel tired .People suffering from health problems can use sleep hygiene which helps to promote healthy sleep among individuals .

Getting enough sleep is most important but anyone who regularly experiences excessive sleepness should consult a doctor and get rid of it until becomes harmful for your health.

Refrences

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4165901/

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/oversleeping-bad-for-your-health

https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/physical-side-effects-oversleeping

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/oversleeping#seeing-a-doctor

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Rebuttal rewrite — glacierfreeze21

Posted on December 21, 2022 by glacierfreeze21

Why does the National Football League still neglect the benefits of having natural grass stadiums over artificial turf? Evidence shows that players have a higher rate of non contact lower extremity injuries when playing on artificial turf than playing on natural grass. Real grass also absorbs carbon dioxide, which releases oxygen into the atmosphere, resulting in more protection of the water supply. Despite the findings, the football community still debates this year in and year out.

A field needs to be correctly planned and built, frequently maintained by trained workers, and have usage that is restricted and limited in order to retain a good quality stand of natural grass. The natural grass cover on the field will deteriorate over time if any one of the three components is absent. Natural grass requires a lot of maintenance to keep the grass in the best shape possible for the athletes playing weekly on the surface. A maintenance schedule that includes mowing, fertilizer, watering, aeration, and overseeding for natural grass athletic fields will keep the grass healthy year-round and provide a secure playing surface throughout the season. Natural grass will become unsatisfactory and unsuitable for sports participation if the grass is not maintained properly. Some sports have moved their stadiums indoors to withstand harsh or unpredictable weather, but growing traditional grass indoors presents new difficulties. Artificial turf is a great option for interior environments because it does not need the usual growing conditions, such as sunlight or watering. The environmental problems resulting from the artificial turf installments are much more detrimental than paying for the extra maintenance to keep a grass field up to par. Several field studies have been carried out to ascertain the effects of tire chips and shreds used in civil engineering applications on the quality of surface water and groundwater. These investigations included sampling of existing sites, field trials, and follow-up monitoring for up to two years. Although their concentrations typically did not go above their individual maximum contamination levels (MCLs) for drinking water, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Al proved to be the most concerning contaminants overall, whereas organic contaminants were only present at trace levels. These findings call for additional field research with controls as they raise the possibility that groundwater or surface water may be impacted by scrap tire materials.

A study conducted in the article, “Determination of priority and other hazardous substances in football fields of synthetic turf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: A health and environmental concern,” states,

“Samples from fifteen football fields were analyzed, and the results revealed the presence of 24 of the 40 target compounds, including 14 of the 16 EPA PAHs, with total concentrations up to 50 μg g−1. Heavy metals such as Cd, Cr and Pb were also found. A partial transfer of organic compounds to the air and runoff water was also demonstrated. The analysis of rainwater collected directly from the football field showed the presence of a high number of the target compounds at concentrations reaching above 100 μg L−1. The environmental risk arising from the burning of crumb rubber tires has been assessed, as well, analyzing the crumb rubber, and the air and water in contact with this material, showing a substantial increase in both the number and concentration of the hazardous chemicals.”

“Another point to keep in mind is that these surfaces are periodically watered to maintain their physical properties. This type of practice, together with rainwater may favor the leaching of metals and hazardous organic compounds from the crumb rubber, whose final fate are sewage waters, groundwater and/or natural surface waters, thereby implying an environmental risk . On the other hand, volatile and semivolatile compounds may also be transferred to the air above the surfaces , especially in summer when the surfaces can reach very high temperatures being the hazardous chemicals more accessible to players by inhalation. In this way, children are the most potentially affected by playing on these surfaces, since their breathing rate is higher than adults and the entrance of potentially toxic substances in their organism may be easier, and the consequence more dangerous.”

Due to their ability to cleanse water and break down pollutants as they pass through the root zone, turf grasses and the soil microbes that coexist with them in turf environments help to reduce environmental contamination. Rainfall can become so acidic due to atmospheric pollution that it harms the ecology. However, passing rainwater through a healthy grass field can cut its acidity in half compared to its unfiltered original level. This enhances the quality of groundwater and lessens water body contamination in rivers and lakes. Artificial turf has also been found to trap and store carbon that may contribute to global warming. Grass fields sometimes have the potential to regenerate, which implies that they not only flourish but also get better over time. The field helps to maintain the environment in and around it as it develops stronger and more resilient, requiring less fertilizer and water. This includes improved soil, which benefits not just the grass plant system but also the field’s ecosystem as a whole.

 The detrimental cautions to our environment should be at the top of the list when looking at changing the surfaces used in the National Football League. The information presented is not appealing to the viewers and followers of the league and certainly is not welcoming any parents to allow their children to start participating in this sport because of the environmental risks it creates. 

 The NFL views would be considered twisted in that the main focus perceived is installing artificial turf is to save as much money as possible but also make the fields somewhat suitable for the players. The amount of injuries suffered on these artificial turf surfaces and the environmental issues resulting should not be viewed as just a number the league looks at each year and hopes it lowers the next year. 

References

Celeiro, M., Dagnac, T., & Llompart, M. (2018). Determination of priority and other hazardous substances in football fields of synthetic turf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: A health and environmental concern. Chemosphere, 195, 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.063

Cheng, H., Hu, Y., & Reinhard, M. (2014). Environmental and health impacts of artificial turf: a review. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(4), 2114–2129. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4044193

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Rebuttal — glacierfreeze21

Posted on December 21, 2022 by glacierfreeze21

Why does the National Football League still neglect the benefits of having natural grass stadiums over artificial turf? Evidence shows that players have a higher rate of non contact lower extremity injuries when playing on artificial turf than playing on natural grass. Real grass also absorbs carbon dioxide, which releases oxygen into the atmosphere, resulting in more protection of the water supply. Despite the findings, the football community still debates this year in and year out.

A field needs to be correctly planned and built, frequently maintained by trained workers, and have usage that is restricted and limited in order to retain a good quality stand of natural grass. The natural grass cover on the field will deteriorate over time if any one of the three components is absent. Natural grass requires a lot of maintenance to keep the grass in the best shape possible for the athletes playing weekly on the surface. A maintenance schedule that includes mowing, fertilizer, watering, aeration, and overseeding for natural grass athletic fields will keep the grass healthy year-round and provide a secure playing surface throughout the season. Natural grass will become unsatisfactory and unsuitable for sports participation if the grass is not maintained properly. Some sports have moved their stadiums indoors to withstand harsh or unpredictable weather, but growing traditional grass indoors presents new difficulties. Artificial turf is a great option for interior environments because it does not need the usual growing conditions, such as sunlight or watering. The environmental problems resulting from the artificial turf installments are much more detrimental than paying for the extra maintenance to keep a grass field up to par. Several field studies have been carried out to ascertain the effects of tire chips and shreds used in civil engineering applications on the quality of surface water and groundwater. These investigations included sampling of existing sites, field trials, and follow-up monitoring for up to two years. Although their concentrations typically did not go above their individual maximum contamination levels (MCLs) for drinking water, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Al proved to be the most concerning contaminants overall, whereas organic contaminants were only present at trace levels. These findings call for additional field research with controls as they raise the possibility that groundwater or surface water may be impacted by scrap tire materials.

A study conducted in the article, “Determination of priority and other hazardous substances in football fields of synthetic turf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: A health and environmental concern,” states,

“Samples from fifteen football fields were analyzed, and the results revealed the presence of 24 of the 40 target compounds, including 14 of the 16 EPA PAHs, with total concentrations up to 50 μg g−1. Heavy metals such as Cd, Cr and Pb were also found. A partial transfer of organic compounds to the air and runoff water was also demonstrated. The analysis of rainwater collected directly from the football field showed the presence of a high number of the target compounds at concentrations reaching above 100 μg L−1. The environmental risk arising from the burning of crumb rubber tires has been assessed, as well, analyzing the crumb rubber, and the air and water in contact with this material, showing a substantial increase in both the number and concentration of the hazardous chemicals.”

“Another point to keep in mind is that these surfaces are periodically watered to maintain their physical properties. This type of practice, together with rainwater may favor the leaching of metals and hazardous organic compounds from the crumb rubber, whose final fate are sewage waters, groundwater and/or natural surface waters, thereby implying an environmental risk . On the other hand, volatile and semivolatile compounds may also be transferred to the air above the surfaces , especially in summer when the surfaces can reach very high temperatures being the hazardous chemicals more accessible to players by inhalation. In this way, children are the most potentially affected by playing on these surfaces, since their breathing rate is higher than adults and the entrance of potentially toxic substances in their organism may be easier, and the consequence more dangerous.”

Due to their ability to cleanse water and break down pollutants as they pass through the root zone, turf grasses and the soil microbes that coexist with them in turf environments help to reduce environmental contamination. Rainfall can become so acidic due to atmospheric pollution that it harms the ecology. However, passing rainwater through a healthy grass field can cut its acidity in half compared to its unfiltered original level. This enhances the quality of groundwater and lessens water body contamination in rivers and lakes. Artificial turf has also been found to trap and store carbon that may contribute to global warming. Grass fields sometimes have the potential to regenerate, which implies that they not only flourish but also get better over time. The field helps to maintain the environment in and around it as it develops stronger and more resilient, requiring less fertilizer and water. This includes improved soil, which benefits not just the grass plant system but also the field’s ecosystem as a whole.

 The detrimental cautions to our environment should be at the top of the list when looking at changing the surfaces used in the National Football League. The information presented is not appealing to the viewers and followers of the league and certainly is not welcoming any parents to allow their children to start participating in this sport because of the environmental risks it creates. 

 The NFL views would be considered twisted in that the main focus perceived is installing artificial turf is to save as much money as possible but also make the fields somewhat suitable for the players. The amount of injuries suffered on these artificial turf surfaces and the environmental issues resulting should not be viewed as just a number the league looks at each year and hopes it lowers the next year. 

References

Celeiro, M., Dagnac, T., & Llompart, M. (2018). Determination of priority and other hazardous substances in football fields of synthetic turf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: A health and environmental concern. Chemosphere, 195, 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.063

Cheng, H., Hu, Y., & Reinhard, M. (2014). Environmental and health impacts of artificial turf: a review. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(4), 2114–2129. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4044193

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Research Paper-BigBabyBaller

Posted on December 21, 2022 by BigBabyBaller

No Siesta equals No Fiesta 

​​What is it about napping that is consistently overlooked in adulthood but not in childhood? In today’s fast-paced world, with hardworking individuals struggling to get enough sleep, this question doesn’t receive the attention it deserves. College and high school students are especially affected by this, as they are used to waking up early for seven-hour school days and getting to bed late due to homework. As a result, students are experiencing a lack of sleep. This leads to stress and anxiety, which can have serious consequences for their physical and mental health in the long run. As a solution, we must reinstate our belief in the benefits of napping throughout the day, as many European cultures and children do. In today’s society, mental health is a huge issue, especially among students. In order to solve this very complicated issue, which includes eliminating sleep deprivation and the physiological effects it has, we must tackle it step by step.

Infants and children are raised on the practice of a healthy napping schedule throughout the day. These napping periods play a vital role in the overall happiness of a child, and without them, children will be drained, whiny, and emotional. It’s amazing how we’ve adapted to the benefits of napping in our youth while remaining oblivious to those benefits in adulthood. We can blame this attitude towards napping in adulthood on the stigma it holds in the public’s eyes, especially in the western world, where napping is viewed as wasteful time management and lazy. There are many reasons why the skill of napping has died with us as we enter adulthood. Traditionally, transitioning from childhood to adulthood means you have to ‘grow up’ and stop doing childish activities such as napping. When in reality, this stigma is preventing quality mental health and energy. In the article When Should Kids Stop Napping by Alexa Fry, it states, “When children no longer take naps, they may need more sleep at nighttime.” It is recommended that parents make bedtime earlier for children who are no longer napping so that they get the necessary amount of sleep. Thus, without naps, children’s sleep is affected based on the amount of sleep they need to be considered healthy. Adults are expected to adapt to these healthy sleep schedules and thrive, but in reality, only 11% of working-class people and students get a healthy amount of sleep. This explains the drowsiness, laziness, and sleep deprivation so many people experience, but instead of turning to “grown-up” alternatives like nicotine, caffeine, or medication, the real answer should be naps.

For maximum potential, napping is something people need to be more educated about. Similar to a sleep schedule, napping needs to be regulated and organized. If not, naps can become irregular and extended, which may cause negative effects. For example, in the article Can a Nap Boost Brain Health? John Hopskins Medicine explains the benefits of a healthy nap schedule, saying, “Scientists found that people who napped for 30 to 90 minutes had better word recall—which is a sign of good memory—than people who did not nap or who napped for longer than 90 minutes. People who napped for that golden 30 to 90 minutes were also better at drawing figures, another sign of good cognition”. showing how naps ranging from 30 to 90 minutes several times a week can positively affect the brain and its ability to learn, perform, and memorize. On the other hand, the people who did not nap in this experiment saw substantially lower results. It’s so important to know this information because experienced nappers might oversleep, causing chaos on their sleep scale as a whole and furthering the problem at hand. John Hopkins’ medicine also states, “Resting more during the day may be a sign of poor quality nighttime sleep, according to Gamaldo.” In the study, naps longer than 90 minutes could have been called “a second sleep.” This poor-quality nighttime sleep—the kind that requires extra-long naps during the day—can lead to cognitive problems, she adds. thus proving that napping too much can have a negative effect on the body and brain. This is why people need to learn the fundamentals of napping in order to maximize its benefits and incorporate it into their daily lives.

Many Mediterranean countries like Spain and Italy participate in taking a midday “siesta,” which translates to a nap or rest break in Latin. For centuries, European countries have done this to give working-class people a break to rejuvenate during the hottest part of the day. These countries believe the “siesta’ plays a vital role in their ability to get through the day and stay functional. Some towns in Spain go as far as shutting down businesses between the hours of 2pm and 5 p.m. in order to enforce this rule. It seems these countries have come to socially accept the idea of naps and the benefits they offer. The western world needs to consider adopting these customs into their own lives, especially because the pace of life is so much quicker and work days are so much longer in the United States.

If your student or hardworking individual decides whether to incorporate naps into their daily routine, just ask yourself if you are struggling to get a healthy amount of sleep because of busy schedules and consider the various benefits that come with exercising a 30- to 90-minute nap per day. It is in your best interest to live a life in which you feel your healthiest on a daily basis. If napping is used so commonly in European countries and with our children because of its benefits, why can’t students and other adults use this practice as well? Especially because the evidence is so apparent that naps can help cure sleep deprivation, this also eliminates the need for unnecessary external substances such as medicine, drugs, or caffeine.

Napping has recently received increased attention because of its associations with health and its use as a tool to understand the function of sleep, with both areas of research showing positive effects on one’s well-being. In public health literature, some studies show that napping is associated with decreased mortality risk. Scientific evidence also shows that our brains benefit from a brief period of actual sleep (a nap), not just a quiet period, to recover from fatigue and to help restore alertness. Both short (15-30 minute) and long (1.5-hour) naps can increase alertness.

 Because the benefits of napping can play a big role in the psychology and emotional functions of life, it is important to learn more about this topic and the information it has to offer. In healthy populations, studies show perceptual learning , memory, creativity, and alertness  are directly related to the benefits napping provides. In addition, naps help promote homeostasis and recovery to immune functioning and other health risks as a result of sleep deprivation. Furthermore, people who nap for one hour or more daily, or nap due to excessive sleepiness, are likely psychologically, socially, and physiologically different from people who do not participate in napping at all. Thus, there may be differences in the health between individuals who nap voluntarily for relatively short periods of time versus individuals who do not nap at all.

Author Jay Summer explains how napping can be beneficial for the brain and body when used correctly. Summer explains in healthy circumstances where a person is regularly napping and not using the practice to cope with sleep loss or depression the benefits are substantial. Summer specifically explains how napping can increase functionality, performance, and memory especially in teenagers and students. 

Naps can be particularly beneficial for students who struggle to get enough sleep and have to be alert at irregular times.A short daytime snooze may also boost workplace performance . A nap can improve cognitive functions such as memory , logical reasoning, and the ability to complete complex tasks.

Experts typically recommend that adults take naps eight or more hours before bedtime. For most people, that means napping no later than 3pm, napping too late in the day may contribute to nighttime sleep problems which could negatively affect the amount of rest you get and ultimately cause a downward spiral of mental illness. This is important because you want to make sure you are safely practicing your resting technique so you do not defeat the purpose of a good nap. A good resting environment is cool, quiet, and dark. Having a comfortable nap setting can help prevent unwanted interruptions or awakenings. Typically a bedroom is likely a good place for a short snooze since it is already set up to promote sleep. Adding blackout curtains or a white noise machine to block out distractions may help both at night and during daytime naps.

Author Afy Okaye goes more into depth about the numbers of society and napping today. Her studies tell us what percentages of adults and teens are actually using the benefits napping has to offer in their daily lives. The underwhelming numbers she found were very concerning, especially compared to the previous generation before us. 

Cultural practices influence napping behaviors, with the frequency of napping at least once per week varying between 36% to 80% . Recent estimates indicate that 41%–74% of healthy American adults nap at least once per week. 

What’s so shocking about how the western world views napping is how different it is from the rest of the world. In other countries it’s a custom to nap and is constantly sought out by the general public everyday. The Riposo, as it’s known in Italy, is a time for Italians to “retreat” from the hottest part of the day and rest. Similar to Spain’s siesta, the Riposo is a custom throughout Italy. Depending on your location, Riposo may take place anywhere from 1 pm to 5 pm. Many shops and stores will close during this time in order to enforce this rule. Shop owners and workers may go home, enjoy a delicious lunch, and savor time away from work. It’s a perfect time to settle in under a weighted blanket, close your eyes, and recharge for the remainder of the day.  In Frank Olito’s Insider article https://www.insider.com/sleeping-habits-from-around-the-world-2018-7 he states “Here in the United States, people typically go to sleep at night and wake up a little after sunrise. Some people take short naps throughout the day, while others stay awake until bedtime. While sleeping patterns vary from person to person, the act of sleeping is common amongst us all”. Thus proving the irregular sleeping habits across the globe and how we can learn from them. 

​​In conclusion, these studies on napping raise exciting possibilities for future research, such as examining the stability and structure of reasons for napping throughout the lifespan, as well as the psychological, social, and health processes associated with napping behaviors. Understanding the reasons why people nap, as well as the correlates of these napping behaviors, can provide insights into normal and destructive nap behaviors in healthy and unhealthy populations. As research advances and the public becomes more aware of the benefits naps can have on the mind and body, hopefully we see this art being practiced regularly. Thanks to foreign countries like Italy and Spain we know that this idea is not so far fetched and with the power of knowledge a change can be made. As society becomes more fast paced due to technological advances and more cases of depression and anxiety arise it’s obvious that the well being of students and society will suffer. Maybe napping is the answer to these ongoing problems.

Critics say that naps are useless in today’s society because it slows down the pace of production, makes people lazy, and disrupts sleep schedules. Not only do these opinions lack information, research, and common sense but they have negatively impacted the view society has on short rest. 

“People who often nap have a greater chance of developing high blood pressure and having a stroke, a large new study has found. This may be because, although taking a nap itself is not harmful, many people who take naps may do so because of poor sleep at night.”

The idea that naps can cause high blood pressure and contribute to having a stroke sounds ridiculous. CNN fails to inform the public on the difference between a healthy and unhealthy napping schedule, rather focusing only on how a person who naps too late at night or irregularly is negatively affected. In the United States the majority of nappers are elderly which explains skewed results in these studies. How can we understand the true benefits of napping on the body and mind when we are testing individuals who irregularly nap and have developed brains? CNN is one of many news sources that mislead the public this way. 

In reality, naps will improve one’s health. Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh found that napping was a factor in lowering blood pressure after mental stress. Because of this napping will be helpful for those who may have health issues. When the body gets rested, it refreshes and is able to recharge. The study showed that the brain goes through 4 different stages of sleep from the first throughout 90 minutes. In Stage one, the transition between wakefulness and sleep is only five to 10 minutes, during which time eye movements and heart rate begin to slow. Stage two begins at 15 to 25 minutes where brain waves and heart rate decrease further while body temperature begins to drop. This is still considered a light sleep from which you can easily be awakened. Stage three (60 to 75 minutes after falling asleep) the brain begins to produce slower brain waves known as delta waves. If awoken during this stage, expect to be groggy, disoriented and cranky. After 75 to 90 minutes of sleep the brain goes into what reachers call REM sleep (Rapid Eye Movement), heart rate and blood pressure rise, eyeball movement increases and dreaming occurs. These stages differentiate what a heath sleep is versus a destructive one and why that happens. 

Taking naps doesn’t just provide health benefits but can also offer energy throughout the day. “A short nap of 20 to 30 minutes can often be a healthy alternative to drinking more coffee,” says psychiatrist Alex. Working class citizens and students that are expected to be awake and functioning for  the majority of the day which can be extremely exhausting. Instead of lasting all day without sleep and relying on addictive substances like caffeine, one should take a 30- 60 minute nap. Scientific evidence shows a short rest can boost memory, cognitive function, and energy. 

Since we know naps can increase mental performance, they are useful in increasing knowledge. When tired, the brain does not collect information efficiently like it would when rested. High school and college students who regularly have early mornings, long days of learning, and extracurricular activities are most vulnerable to these effects. Sleep deprivation can be very dangerous to long term health and  the developing teenage and young adult minds. Because of this, naps are very useful to those who have demanding jobs and those who are in school. 

“Naps are beneficial for memory because the brain is ‘offline,’ not taking in any new information, yet is actively consolidating memories,” says Marissa Bowman, a doctoral student in the Clinical-Health Psychology program at the University of Pittsburgh. Her research focuses on sleep disturbances.

Taking a nap for too long or too late in the afternoon could make it harder to get high-quality sleep at night. A nap late in the day may have the benefit of reducing your fatigue at the moment, but it could also make you feel less sleepy and make it harder to drift off to sleep at bedtime. Napping should never be used as a substitute for sleep. If you feel the need to nap several times a week, you probably aren’t getting enough sleep each night. Officials recommend finding a comfortable, quiet, and dark place to maximize benefits. Understanding how the brain functions during different stages of sleep is crucial for the public to differentiate a beneficial nap and a useless one. 

“The conditions your body requires for proper napping are no different than those required for proper nighttime sleeping. If you live or work in a loud or busy area, and especially for those based in a metropolitan city, a white noise machine can be a wise investment to help drown out sounds. Buchfuhrer says it’s best to keep the room dark, quiet and slightly cool.”

Overall, the science behind napping and how to incorporate it into daily life can be challenging, but finding time to nap will improve one’s health, body, and mind. Unlike some substances people rely on to stay focused like nicotine or caffeine; napping is more beneficial than destructive, a natural resource, and free. In order to live a happy and healthy life, take naps. 

References 

Glum , R. (2017, March 16). Nap Habits around the world. WITHINGS BLOG. Retrieved December 19, 2022, from https://blog.withings.com/2017/03/16/nap-habits-around-the-world/

Antipolis, S. (2022, August 22). Long Naps may be bad for health. European Society of Cardiology. Retrieved December 19, 2022, from https://www.escardio.org/The-ESC/Press-Office/Press-releases/Long-naps-may-be-bad-for-health

AsapSCIENCE. (2012). Should You Nap At Work? YouTube. Retrieved December 19, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJ_f9onTTQE&t=47s.

Cosentino, B. (2021, April 19). How naps can keep you happy and healthy. Landmark Health. Retrieved December 19, 2022, from https://www.landmarkhealth.org/resource/how-naps-can-keep-you-happy-and-healthy/#:~:text=Why%20Nap%3F,and%20improve%20many%20cognitive%20abilities.

Fleming, D. (2016, March 18). 12 facts you didn’t know about napping. http://www.mensxp.com. Retrieved December 19, 2022, from https://www.mensxp.com/health/cure-sleeping-disorders/29938-12-facts-you-didn-t-know-about-napping.html

Fry , A. (2022, September 27). When should kids stop taking regular naps? Sleep Foundation. Retrieved December 19, 2022, from https://www.sleepfoundation.org/children-and-sleep/when-do-kids-stop-napping#:~:text=Infants%20until%20one%20year%20of,observed%20sleeping%20well%20at%20night.

LaMotte, S. (2022, July 25). Napping regularly linked to high blood pressure and stroke, study finds. CNN. Retrieved December 19, 2022, from https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/25/health/naps-high-blood-pressure-study-wellness/index.html

Okaye, A. (2022, December 13). Types of naps. The Sleep Doctor. Retrieved December 17, 2022, from https://thesleepdoctor.com/napping/types-of-naps/

Olito , F. (2012, May 8). The benefits of Napping. Harvard Health. Retrieved December 17, 2022, from https://www.health.harvard.edu/healthbeat/the-benefits-of-napping

Preidt, R. (2011, March 9). Napping may help keep blood pressure in check. Reuters. Retrieved December 19, 2022, from https://www.reuters.com/article/idUS227342913820110302

Sarda-Joshi, G. (2022, December 9). 10 science-based reasons you need to be taking a nap. Sleep Junkies. Retrieved December 19, 2022, from https://sleepjunkies.com/science-of-napping/

Sinrich, J. (2017, August 21). How to take a nap that will actually boost your energy. NBCNews.com. Retrieved December 19, 2022, from https://www.nbcnews.com/better/health/how-take-nap-will-actually-boost-your-energy-ncna793681

Staff, L. S. (2009, July 30). Nap Time! One-third of Americans do it. LiveScience. Retrieved December 19, 2022, from https://www.livescience.com/7844-nap-time-americans.html

Summer , J. (2021, October 27). Can a nap boost brain health? Can a Nap Boost Brain Health? | Johns Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved December 17, 2022, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/can-a-nap-boost-brain-health

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Summaries- Pinkcottoncandy4

Posted on December 20, 2022 by pinkcottoncandy4

Elderly animals 

It seems counterintuitive that older animals suffer after being alive for so long. 

Angela Walley spent a year in New Jersey taking care of both of her parents, making the decision not to photograph any of them anymore due to their condition. A year after, she visited relatives’ properties, finding a horse named Pete, which she photographed. She was amazed, turning it into a project. There were points where she got emotional, realizing that aging is not easy, many of the animals she photographed seem tired. The images taken by Angela are proof of survival and how there are no physical limitations. Caregivers take comfort in the images after their animals have passed, it gives comfort to who their animals once were. She relates it to being able to find joy in life before we get to a point where we no longer have the ability to. 

Elephant cruelty 

It seems counterintuitive that elephant circus shows, in reality, are cruel. 

The three year old elephant named Kenny was scheduled to perform, but felt under the weather. Instead of being by his mothers side, he was being held captive and forced to practice tricks for the audience. Federal regulations state that animals are supposed to be clear of sickness and medical attention in order to perform, but none of this was happening, causing kenny to develop diarrhea and bleeding, and later on, his death. For many years, this has been going on with other elephants, where they aren’t receiving medical attention and they are allowing the show animals to die under suspicious circumstances without publicly announcing anything. There were anonymous tips towards authorities of these actions, causing culpable companies to receive fines, but still, these actions have been kept clandestine. 

End- of- life care

It seems counterintuitive that end-of-life care is not about wishes, it’s about the right thing to do. 

Charles, his dad and his sister found themselves in a difficult situation, debating on the following steps for their mothers well being. Three days prior she had been admitted to the hospital for nausea, suddenly worsening and ending in a coma, even having to receive CPR for nine minutes. Charles being the medical of the family, has the weight on his shoulders. Everyone is expecting him to make the right choice, when no one prepares him to make a decision over someone else’s life. Even knowing all of his mothers end of life wishes ( not being artificially kept ) He debates on whether his mother should or should not be placed on an end-of-life medical care, which in fact, costs around one-fourth of all medical spendings. 

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Research – spatel8267

Posted on December 20, 2022 by spatel8267

Sleep Deprivation

The act of sleeping is illusive and mysterious. It would be difficult to identify a human body part that doesn’t suffer from lack of sleep or gain from getting the right quantity of it. Reducing stress, boosting the immune system, lowering blood pressure, and improving mood are all proven benefits of getting enough sleep. More crucial than all of those benefits of sleep, however, is the healthy operation of our brains, which has a strong link to both physical and mental wellbeing.

One aspect of SLEEP DEPRIVATION is impulsivity. Another is self-deprecating thoughts. Two or more warped judgement and reduced coping. In other words, not getting enough sleep is closely connected with suicide. The CDC says that more than half of those who die by suicide do not have a known mental health diagnosis, making awareness of these vulnerabilities vital for all of us. We do know that when sleep deprived, we are more sensitive to stress when we are fatigued. We are less robust physically and emotionally, less able to employ sound judgement and coping mechanisms, and we are irritated, restless , and worn out. We are, in short, good candidates for suicide.

Disruptions to the sleep cycle, which interfere with the fourth stage of sleep, are another cause of sleep deprivation. These disturbances are frequently referred to as nightmares, sleepwalking, and night terrors.Despite the fact that these illnesses are not known for fully reawakening a person, it is important to note that they may disturb the order of the sleep cycles, causing a person to transition from the fourth stage to the first one. In order to take preventative action, victims of these interruptions need to be attended to.

Stress and depression are two factors that contribute to sleep deprivation and have been related to a variety of other medical conditions and issues. These elements, along with various American behaviors, play a significant role in the lack of sleep that most people experience around the world. Although their immediate impacts might not be strong enough to wake someone up, their long-term consequences usually have a big impact.

Treatment for conditions like sleep apnea is crucial since it has an impact on sleep quality without necessarily causing the person to awaken. This is due to studies in medicine showing that sleep apnea can be dangerous, especially when it affects the cardiovascular system. Besides this, breathing problems brought on by a lack of oxygen are likely to occur.

Due to the detrimental impacts of sleep loss, Americans must manage this disorder. First and foremost, people should consult a doctor about any potential risk factors for this illness, such as stress and infections.A person’s mental capacity can only be stabilized with proper counseling. Exercise is also proven to help people cope with stressful situations, which affects their ability to sleep.

Even while it’s crucial to treat sleep disorders, several medications used to do so have been found to aggravate the condition or impair sleep quality. The optimal medications to utilize must consequently be decided by the doctor. Doctors and victims must speak in order for the doctor to understand how the patient is reacting.

Dr. Praveen Rudraraju, the director of the Center for Sleep Medicine at Northern Westchester Hospital in Mount Kisco, New York, noted that drivers can lessen the hazard by being aware of risk factors and adopting precautions.

According to the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, sleepy driving causes close to 100,000 traffic accidents annually, resulting in more than 1,500 fatalities and over 70,000 injuries.Risk factors for tired driving include: rest misfortune – – even only one hour short of what you want; utilization of tranquilizers, against uneasiness meds or liquor; driving extended periods of time with not many or no breaks, driving alone or with dozing travelers; and having undiscovered or untreated rest problems.

Surgery residents who haven’t slept for 48 hours should not be trusted to operate on patients.New exploration from the Institute of Medication at Trinity examining the impact of lack of sleep on careful execution has observed that specialists were at that point restless before their available to work moves and were much more sleepless subsequently, and significantly, that lack of sleep affected careful execution The review is quick to zero in on Irish specialists and is distributed in the Diary of Careful Exploration.

As lack of sleep expanded, reduced execution was distinguished in mental errands and careful undertakings with more noteworthy mental parts.More elevated levels of self-revealed exhaustion and daytime languor were noticed post-call.

Millions of Americans continue to struggle with sleep deprivation, which is a serious issue. As was mentioned above, a variety of factors, including environmental and health-related factors, contribute to sleep deprivation. Additionally, sleep deprivation has a wide range of negative effects, many of which can be fatal when the condition is persistent.

Sleep is an important factor in one’s lifestyle and a reviving value. But having too much of something can be harmful or may affect our routine. One can totally agree when we say sleep is really important for people to have fresh start with their day but oversleeping can have the same amount of health problems as sleep derivation.

According to the majority of specialist, our modern 24-hour civilization has forced sleep to compete more and more with a variety of responsibilities. Around the world, it causes a significant reduction in sleep time, especially for teens and young people. But oversleeping is associated with many health problems such as obesity, depression, headaches and that doesn’t mean that it will make you sick, Vsevolod Polotsky, a professor of medicine at John Hopkins Medicine,

“We don’t exactly know the cause and effect.” “It definitely works the opposite way around; being sick makes you want to sleep more.” 

According to scientists, seven hours of sleep is best for the brain health. It could be a risk for age-related cognitives for sleeping too much or little. Professor Barbara Sahakian, University of Cambridge,

“A restful night’s sleep is crucial for everyone, but it becomes increasingly crucial as we age. In particular for patients with psychiatric disorders and dementias, finding techniques to promote sleep for older individuals may be essential to helping them retain excellent mental health and wellbeing and prevent cognitive decline.”

Over the course of your lifetime, you experience major changes in how much sleep you require. Your age, amount of activity, overall health, and way of living all play a role in this. But sleep differs from time and person, experts recommend that adults should sleep between seven and nine hours each night. The medical word for excessive sleep or protracted sleep is hypersomnia. Not only do those with the illness sleep more, but they may also have problems waking up or staying awake during the day.The most typical hypersomnia symptoms include daytime naps and trouble waking up.

Oversleeping disorders are now understood to increase the chance of developing heart disease. An review of 2,846 patients from a recent study revealed that 35% of those with coronary artery disease slept for more than seven and a half hours every night.There seems to be a connection between depression and excessive sleep. According to research, depression increases a person’s propensity for snoozing. However, slumbering too much might also exacerbate depression.

As they age, many people notice that they sleep more, and they assume that this is a typical aspect of aging.However, as you age, your sleep requirements shouldn’t significantly vary. Polotsky advises speaking with your physician if you frequently oversleep.In order to exclude sleep disorders, he or she might advise a sleep study.

Getting good amount of sleep makes a huge difference in how you feel and refreshes your mind. Too much or too little of sleep can lead to fatigue. It makes sense that if you get less amount of sleep you feel tired .People suffering from health problems can use sleep hygiene which helps to promote healthy sleep among individuals .

Getting enough sleep is most important but anyone who regularly experiences excessive sleepness should consult a doctor and get rid of it until becomes harmful for your health.

References

The study was published in the Journal of Surgical Research and is accessible here: https://www.journalofsurgicalresearch.com/article/S0022-4804(21)00427-3/fulltext

Colten, Harvey, and Bruce Altevogt. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2006. Print.

Van, Cauter. “Sleep Disturbances And Insulin Resistance.” Diabetic Medicine 28.12 (2011): 1455-1462. Print.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3634295/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547676/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4165901/

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/oversleeping-bad-for-your-health

https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/physical-side-effects-oversleeping

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/oversleeping#seeing-a-doctor

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