—1. Working Hypothesis 1

Artificial turf is more likely to cause ACL, MCL, and other knee injuries in NFL players than natural grass does.

—1a. Working Hypothesis 2

Employees have better physical and mental health that work a flexible schedule compared to individuals who work a permanent schedule.

—2. Five Academic Sources

https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00007256-200232070-00002

I find it counterintuitive that even with all of the ACL and MCL tears, knee injuries that the commissioner of the NFL doesn’t mandate that every NFL team needs to switch to natural grass instead of artificial turf. The majority of international soccer, rugby union, rugby league, American, Australian, and Gaelic football contests take place on natural grass during seasons that start in the early autumn (fall) and last into the winter. In these competitions, injury surveillance has typically noted high rates of lower limb injuries and an increase in injuries early in the season. There has also been a reported trend towards a higher injury incidence in football played in warmer and/or drier circumstances, even though easily comparable rates have not always been provided. The frequency of injuries in American football games played on artificial turf has frequently been reported to be higher than in games played on natural grass.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/107110079701801204?casa_token=89AzzsphJJQAAAAA%3ArmAJj9Sk4sWZeO6aT4VMCtpy9EQUrQAAmsRjtBKYrEDesh5LneAQcIm4gHmDNjSH5sNVaJSADanVBA

I find it counterintuitive that more ACL tears occur that are non contact related on artificial turf than non contact or contact injury related on natural grass. Knee injuries are influenced by a variety of circumstances, particularly football-related anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The field conditions at the time of the injury, the kind of play, the player’s position and activity, the playing surfaces, and the coefficient of friction at the shoe-surface interface are a few of the most crucial factors. Reduced risk of this kind of noncontact injury may result from awareness of the role that these factors play in the occurrence of noncontact ACL injuries. Up to two-thirds of these noncontact injuries, according to some writers, may have resulted from excessive shoe-surface friction. 3 Approximately six knee ligament injuries each game were reported by Powell and Schootman4 in their research. Their investigation covered the risk factors and injury rates related to grass and Astroturf surfaces. They did not differentiate between contact and noncontact injuries but did highlight the significance of the surface and the shoe-surface interaction as significant risk factors.

https://oem.bmj.com/content/74/7/483.short?casa_token=dOCzeCscVSYAAAAA:A0ms2KtqYAi51Hxql0_APz0imXkVJeNs0sCes2_dPWpsB8fNljDhq_EI2z1akmBfhZX-70ixGNSn

I find it counterintuitive that employees are choosing to work overnight shifts even though it may have severe consequences to mental health. Shift work’s interference with the circadian cycle can have a number of negative health effects. So, we made the decision to look into the effects of shift work. The studies that followed that line of inquiry will be reviewed in this article. It will pay particular attention to the underlying mechanisms, physiological issues, and psychological effects. Work patterns have expanded and evolved since the industrial revolution, when the workforce followed a day-night schedule, working during the day and sleeping at night. To assure the continued running of enterprises, shift work schedules were implemented in many industrialized nations as a result of technological advancements and modifications to production procedure

https://www.proquest.com/docview/219837544?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true

I find it counterintuitive that bosses can allow employees to extend work hours to an amount that affects mental health through types of rotating schedules . Long hours and unusual night-day rhythms have been a part of work for ages. For one in five workers, there is evidence that these schedules are here to stay for a variety of reasons. Circadian rhythm disturbance, which can negatively impact performance, sleep patterns, accident rates, mental health, and cardiovascular mortality, is the main physiological effect of such shift arrangements. Menstrual cycle disturbance may have an impact on reproductive outcomes. Additionally significant are individual considerations including sex, age, and personality. Helping people adjust to these potentially hazardous work schedules requires creating work environments and shift scheduling systems that cause the least amount of disruption to employees’ mental, physical, and social welfare.

https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/27/8/1453/2696766

I find it counterintuitive that a job in adulthood can have a number of risks like poor mental health due to strict shift schedules. The effects of shift work on sleep and alertness are well documented, but compared to the issues that day workers face with insomnia and excessive drowsiness, little study has been done on the prevalence and effects of shift work sleep disorder. With a representative sample selected from the working population of metropolitan Detroit, the goal of the current study was to ascertain the relative prevalence and detrimental effects connected with shift work sleep disturbance. By virtue of their sleep-wake symptomatology, our findings imply that people with shift work sleep disorder are at high behavioral and health-related morbidity risk.

References

Cheng, W.-J., & Cheng, Y. (2017). Night shift and rotating shift in association with sleep problems, burnout and minor mental disorder in male and female employees. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 74(7), 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103898

Drake, C. L., Roehrs, T., Richardson, G., Walsh, J. K., & Roth, T. (2004). Shift Work Sleep Disorder: Prevalence and Consequences Beyond that of Symptomatic Day Workers. Sleep, 27(8), 1453–1462. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.8.1453

Health effects of internal rotation of shifts – ProQuest. (n.d.). Www.proquest.com. Retrieved September 29, 2022, from https://www.proquest.com/docview/219837544?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true

Orchard, J. (2002). Is There a Relationship Between Ground and Climatic Conditions and Injuries in Football? Sports Medicine, 32(7), 419–432. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232070-00002

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—3. Topics for Smaller Papers (very preliminary)

• Decreased screen times with affects on mental health
• Concussions resulted from heading the ball in soccer

—4. Current State of My Research

As of right now I am in the midst of finding other topics for smaller papers. I do not have it filled in yet as I was having trouble generating topics at the time. I also wasn’t able to attach the 2nd source in my 5 sources to the references as it said the URL was not found. I had attempted to put it in my references list multiple times as it refused. Other than that I have been moving through my information pretty well and am able to get a better grasp on my topic as I researched.