Jones, Jeffrey M. “In U.S., 40% Get Less Than Recommended Amount of Sleep.” Gallup News, 19 December 2013, https://news.gallup.com/poll/166553/less-recommended-amount-sleep.aspx. Accessed 18 October 2022.

Background: A study done in 2013 in Princeton, NJ, resulted in 40% of Americans getting less than seven hours of sleep per night while 60% of Americans get seven or more hours of sleep per night. Throughout the article, we reach more and more stats about how we are getting less sleep throughout the years. The author, Jeffrey Jones, begins to relate how much sleep a person is (or should be) getting with age. We move on to the topic that older people sleep the most, while people under the age of 50 tend to feel more sleep deprived. The article concludes that younger people can “look forward to getting more rest as they age.”

How I used it: I used this article in my definition rewrite by backing up my statement that people still aren’t getting the appropriate amount of sleep they need. I mainly just needed the first paragraph, but I also added the sentence where Jones states that medical students relate lack of sleep to health problems to further strengthen my research paper. 

Smith, Suzannah. “Longer naps may awaken these four health issues – Vital Record.” Vital Record, 23 June 2016, https://vitalrecord.tamhsc.edu/long-naps-cause-health-issues/. Accessed 18 October 2022.

Background: The article begins by giving us a situational moment, leading on to a rhetorical question which they shoot down in the next paragraph. The entire sum of this article is simply to explain to us the 4 different health issues that are consequences to napping. The 4 different health issues described in the article are serious health conditions (heart disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome), lower life expectancy, sleeping problems and poor cognitive functioning. All of the problems that writer Suzannah Smith states are all backed up by research and studies done. Smith ends her article by giving us tips and habits that would help us sleep better.

How I used it: This article was used for the purpose to support my claim of how napping is a decent way to get our sleep back, but we cannot overdo it. I explained in my paper how napping too much could lead to health problems, which the article supports.

Summer, Jay. Napping: Benefits and Tips. Sleep Foundation, 2022. Sleep Foundation, https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-hygiene/napping.

Background: The article does a deep dive into everything about napping, from the benefits to even how sleep works during naps. The author, Jay Summer, begins her article by describing the different benefits we can get from napping, ranging from boosting workplace performance, improving memory physical performance, relieved stress, and less of a chance for cardiovascular problems. Moving on to how sleep works during naps, Summer describes sleep in 3 different stages. The difference in the 3 stages is just the amount of time one is asleep for, stage 1 being for less than 10 minutes while stage 3 ranges from 20-40. Summer moves on to give us different tips on how we are able to take better naps throughout the day. This ranges from how we nap, where we nap, and even how long we should nap. Summer ends the article off by answering frequently asked questions about napping and sleep in general. 

How I used it:  The article was used to strengthen my claim of how naps can be beneficial at times. I described napping as a way to help us refresh the body and help focus the mind to prepare for the day, which is also claimed in the article with studies.

Olsen, E. J. (2020, 04 11). How many hours of sleep are enough? Mayo Clinic. Retrieved December 13, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/how-many-hours-of-sleep-are-enough/faq-20057898

Background: The article is a short, but detailed writing in which the main purpose of the entire article was to answer the one question of “how many hours of sleep are good enough for good health.” We start off by looking at a chart, describing the different amount of hours the writer, Eric J. Olsen believes the different age groups should be getting. Olsen adds on by explaining to us the different factors that change how many hours of sleep we need through different age groups ranging from sleep quality, previous sleep deprivation, pregnancy, and aging. We get to the end of the article where Olsen describes that kids getting the recommended amount of sleep will better improve their health while if adults get less than seven hours of sleep, they become in risk of having poorer health throughout the years. 

How I used it: The article helped develop my claim that the amount of time one sleeps throughout the night is a good way to measure how productive the sleep was. The article supports this by stating how when adults get less than seven hours of sleep it becomes linked with poor health and health problems. 

Wisner, W. (2022, August 30). Sleep and Productivity: What You Need to Know. Sleep.com. Retrieved December 13, 2022, from https://www.sleep.com/sleep-health/sleep-and-productivity

Background: The article begins by describing how it is a bad idea to stay up late doing a long list of plans and that it is better to get your recommended amount of sleep and finish it when you wake up. Writer Wendy Wisner states that our best work through our life will suffer if we don’t get the correct amount of sleep per night. Wisney’s main point throughout the article is explaining how good sleep and being productive link, how not getting enough sleep will make us less productive, and what happens to us mentally when we don’t get the right amount of sleep. We look on to the end of the article where Wisney is explaining how although staying up doing late work might seem like a heroic thing to do, it leads to us not being able to put out our best work.

How I used it: I stated in my paper that a good night’s sleep will go hand-in-hand with being productive. This article helps evolve my claims by backing me up in terms of a second voice telling my readers that a good night’s sleep does in fact lead to better productivity. 

Curley, C., Krans, B., & Hammond, N. (2019, October 14). 9 Hours of Sleep Per Night Linked to Dementia Risk. Healthline. Retrieved December 4, 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health-news/9-hours-of-sleep-per-night-dementia-risk

Background: The article begins by stating how a study was done from the University of Miami, where the results back up the claim of how sleeping in could harbor the increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. The writer Christopher Curley begins to state the different causes and different effects between oversleeping and dementia. We continue to describe how different sets of sleep problems will equate to different sets of dementia. Nearing the end of the article, Curley states that not oversleeping actually helps our brain. We see that if we can begin to fix our sleep lifestyle immediately, we can lower the risks of having dementia later on throughout our lives.

How I used it: Since oversleeping was the main purpose of my research paper, this article helped me immensely. I claimed how memory loss was a big factor in how oversleeping has many consequences and this article supported every sentence that I made.

Roberge, M., & Osmun, R. (2022, November 13). Oversleeping: The Effects & Health Risks of Sleeping Too Much. Amerisleep. Retrieved December 4, 2022, from https://amerisleep.com/blog/oversleeping-the-health-effects/

Background: Overall, as we see in the title, the article’s main purpose is to describe the different effects of oversleeping and the health risks that will apply to us if we continue to sleep in. The writer Rosie Osmun tells us what she believes is the correct amount of sleep per night and what studies will lead you to believe. Throughout the article, Rosie explains how each health problem she states is linked to oversleeping all ranging from impaired brain functioning, increased inflamed factors, increased pain, impaired fertility, impaired glucose tolerance, increased weight gain, and increased risk of heart disease. Nearing towards the end of the article, Rosie included different sleep doctors to help us know how we can better improve our sleep if we are oversleeping.

How I used it: I used this article to help support my claim of the different short-term effects I described that come with oversleeping. Since the article supported that exact claim with research, I believed it would be good if I would include it in my paper to help strengthen the research

Stockton, N. (2014, July 22). What’s Up With That: Why Does Sleeping In Just Make Me More Tired? WIRED. Retrieved December 4, 2022, from https://www.wired.com/2014/07/whats-up-with-that-why-does-sleeping-in-just-make-me-more-tired/

Background: The article begins with a situational moment, describing a situation that can lead to us sleeping in the next day. The writer Nick Stockton describes that oversleeping can feel as much as a hangover the next day and that scientists call it sleep drunkenness. Stockton does claim throughout the article that oversleeping is not good for us, but he does state that if we are oversleeping every once in a while then it will cause us no harm as long as we don’t make it a consistent thing. Moving along the article, it is stated that the reason behind being more tired as we sleep more, is that our bodies become used to that act of sleeping in more so our bodies begin to crave it every night. Stockton ends the article off by stating how no matter what, too much sleep is never good for us.

How I used it: I described “sleep drunkenness” in my paper so adding this article will help my readers see the studies in what sleep drunkenness actually is. It helps strengthen my claim that sleeping too much will leave a person’s mind drained

University of Western Ohio. (2018, October 9). Too Much Sleep is Bad For the Brain. Neuroscience News. Retrieved December 4, 2022, from https://neurosciencenews.com/too-much-sleep-brain-9983/

Background: As the article begins, it states that studies that the University has made leads to results that people who sleep between seven to eight hours have better memory overall. The studies that were done showed that the less amount of time the participant slept for, the less productive and functioning they were throughout the day. The study also showed that people who slept more than the recommended seven to eight hours were equally as impaired and unproductive as the people who slept less than those seven to eight hours. As we near the end of the article, we continue to see how the article describes the recommended amount of sleep while stating that too much sleep and too little sleep are equally as bad for people. 

How I used it: In my paper, I claimed that oversleeping can have detrimental effects that will reduce our cognitive ability. The article helped strengthen my claim by adding on research that shows that I didn’t just make the claim out of thin air. 

Aubrey, Allison. “Want To Get Faster, Smarter? Sleep 10 Hours.” NPR, 7 June 2010, https://www.npr.org/2010/06/07/127478147/want-to-get-faster-smarter-sleep-10-hours. Accessed 22 November 2022.

Background: The main purpose that the article was made for was to describe how sleeping for 10 hours a night could help improve our bodies physically and mentally. The writer Allison Aubrey describes how there was a study on football players and after the study was finished, the results were that the more amount of sleep we get, the better we are physically. She tries to connect how sleeping more actually helps us by adding all sorts of different studies from different places. Nearing the end of the article, Aubrey claims that the more sleep we get is even more beneficial than just what is “documented on the athletic performance.” That we should all be looking to sleep more after reading the article.

How I used it: My topic was that oversleeping is bad for us while Aubrey’s topic was that sleeping more is good for us, so it is the complete opposite. For my rebuttal argument, I used her as a way to show my readers that other arguments on how a lot of sleep is good contradicts itself

Meadows, Austin. “Causes and Effects of Oversleeping.” Sleep Foundation, 15 March 2022, https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/oversleeping. Accessed 22 November 2022.

Background: The main purpose of the article was to give us explanations and details on what oversleeping is and the different factors that play into it. Writer Austin Meadows begins the article by asking the reader “what is oversleeping?” while continuing to give his definition on what he believes oversleeping is. The symptoms that we are given to know if we are oversleeping is excessive napping throughout the day and excessive daytime sleepiness. Meadows continues to give us the different causes of what can lead to oversleeping while also detailing how the causes connect. At the end of the article, Meadows gives us different tips on how we can avoid oversleeping and stay healthy.

How I used it: In my rebuttal argument, I claimed that oversleeping causes us to want to stay in bed for longer than we want and leaves us unproductive for the day. The article was added to my writing to help strengthen this claim, as the claim was also stated in the article but with research to give my readers a second voice to listen to.