It’s kind of hard-to-understand Caleb’s injuries. Even doctors can’t say for sure exactly why he has flashbacks, why he could be standing in a bookstore when all of a sudden he’s sure he’s in Ramadi, the pictures in his brain disorienting him among the stacks, which could turn from stacks to rows of rooftops that need to be scanned for snipers. 

This whole paragraph is a Causal Claim because the doctors don’t exactly know what actually happened. They are talking about what they found.  

Sometimes he starts yelling, and often he doesn’t remember anything about it later. They don’t know exactly why it comes to him in dreams, and why especially that time he picked up the pieces of Baghdad bombing victims and that lady who appeared to have thrown herself on top of her child to save him only to find the child dead underneath torments him when he’s sleeping, and sometimes awake. 

This whole paragraph is an Analogy Claim because Caleb doesn’t remember sometimes, and he starts to yell in his dreams. Caleb can’t figure out what happened while he was in his sleep.

Whatever is happening to Caleb, it’s as old as war itself. The ancient historian Herodotus told of Greeks being honorably dismissed for being “out of heart” and “unwilling to encounter danger.” Civil War doctors, who couldn’t think of any other thing that might be unpleasant about fighting the Civil War but homesickness.

This part of the paragraph is a Categorical Claim because in the paragraph it describes how people were homesickness, how they were also diagnosed with nostalgia.

They don’t know why some other guys in his unit who did and saw the same stuff that Caleb did and saw are fine, but Caleb is so sensitive to light, why he can’t just watch the news like a regular person without feeling as if he might catch fire. Some hypotheses for why PTSD only tortures some trauma victims blame it on unhappily coded proteins, or a misbehaving amygdala. Family history, or maybe previous trauma.

This Part of the Paragraph is Factual Claim because Caleb is in fact sensitive to light, and he can’t watch tv or the new because of the light it hurts his head.